Comprehensive comparison of various working media and corresponding power cycle layouts for the helium-cooled DEMO reactor

Štěpánek, Jan; Entler, Slavomír; Syblík, Jan; Veselý, Ladislav; Dostál, Václav; Zácha, Pavel

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112287

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Input parameters for helium-cooled DEMO with sCO2 secondary circuit were provided by Štěpánek [3] and can be found in Table 2.…”

Section: Inputs Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usage of helium leads to higher outlet temperature at which the indirect Brayton secondary cycle with sCO2 (sCO2 Brayton cycle) reaches relevant efficiency, and thus can be considered as an alternative to the well-known Rankine cycle [2]. Although the Rankine cycle in DEMO would provide higher efficiency than the sCO2 Brayton cycle [3], Brayton offers several advantages; such are a lower number of main components, less complexity, smaller size of turbomachinery, and thus lower initial cost [4] [5] [6]. The largest components of sCO2 Brayton circuits are heat exchangers (HE); either heaters, recuperators, or coolers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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1D Modelling of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger for Demo Fusion Power Plant

Junek,

Štěpánek,

Jun

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (FFHMT 2023)

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The power conversion system will be an important part of the DEMO fusion power plants. One possible way to convert heat from a helium-cooled fusion reactor to electricity is by the Brayton cycle with supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as a working fluid. This approach offers a smaller footprint and smaller initial cost of the system than the Rankine cycle does, mainly due to the small size of the turbomachinery and simplicity of the Brayton cycle. Heat exchangers (heaters, coolers, and recuperators) play a major role in the overall size and cost of the system. One of the most promising heat exchanger types for heaters and recuperators is printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHE). In this work, the size of PCHE between primary circuit and secondary circuit with sCO2 of the helium-cooled DEMO power plant is computed using Python script. Presented results show that overall volume of heaters for the DEMO strongly depends on channel geometry.

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“…Input parameters for helium-cooled DEMO with sCO2 secondary circuit were provided by Štěpánek [3] and can be found in Table 2.…”

Section: Inputs Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1D Modelling of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger for Demo Fusion Power Plant

Junek,

Štěpánek,

Jun

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (FFHMT 2023)

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show abstract

“…It is found that the SCO 2 cycle is more efficient than the steam Rankine cycle and has advantages in both system volume and permeated tritium separation. Based on EU DEMO, Stepanek et al [5] studied the comparison of several feasible arrangements of the steam Rankine cycle, the He Brayton cycle and the SCO 2 Brayton cycle at different heat source temperatures, showing that the SCO 2 cycle is competitive in scale complexity, cost and operational flexibility. Linares et al [6] compared the thermodynamic characteristics of the He and SCO 2 Brayton cycles coupled with other cycles based on the fusion reactor, which shows that the SCO 2 -H 2 O combined cycle has a high efficiency of 46.7%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses and optimization of the CFETR power conversion system with a new supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle

et al. 2023

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The Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) power conversion system with Supercritical CO2 (SCO2) Brayton cycle is designed, analyzed and optimized at present. Considering the pulse operation of the reactor, a heat storage loop with high temperature molten salt and low temperature concrete is introduced. Based on the parameters of the first cooling loop, the CFETR power conversion loop is designed and studied. A new SCO2 Brayton cycle for the CFETR dual heat sources, blanket and divertor, is developed and optimized by genetic algorithm. Compared to other simple and recompression cycles, it is shown that the new SCO2 Brayton cycle has the maximum thermal efficiency with simplicity. The exergy analyses are carried out and show that the exergy destruction rates of turbine and heat exchangers between different loops are the largest due to the large turbine power and the large temperature difference. The exergoeconomic analyses show that fusion reactor accounts for the main cost, which is the key to the economy of fusion power generation. The following sensitivity analyses show that the hot molten salt temperature has a major influence on the system performance. Finally, several multi-criteria optimization algorithms are introduced to simultaneously optimize the three fitness functions, the cycle thermal efficiency, the system exergy efficiency and the total system product unit cost. It is found that the maximum thermal efficiency, the maximum exergy efficiency and the lowest total system product unit cost can be obtained almost simultaneously for the new CFETR power conversion system, and the optimal operation scheme is given in the end.

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“…The future demonstration fusion power plant DEMO [1], [2] is planned to operate in a "pulse-dwell" operation. Such a mode of operation will require balancing in order to deliver stable power to the power grid [3], [4]. One of the many proposed balancing systems is an intermediate heat transfer system (IHTS) with molten salt storage [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Design of the Scaled-down Experimental Device for Molten Salts

Cihlář,

Entler,

Zácha

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (FFHMT 2023)

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An intermediate heat transfer system (IHTS) with a molten salt working medium is one of the proposed concepts of the future DEMO fusion power plant. Molten salts are currently used for concentrating solar power plants, heat accumulation and energy storage, and in some chemical processes. Moreover, there are proposed as a coolant and fuel carrier in the future Generation IV fission nuclear power plants. Despite its current use in some fields, many questions remain unanswered. To study them, technically, organizationally, and financially demanding experimental devices are required. In order to avoid this demandingness, the possible use of scaled-down experimental devices is studied. Such an experimental device working with thermal oil at lower temperatures with similar behavior to molten salts called SHAKER is being built in the laboratories of the

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Comprehensive comparison of various working media and corresponding power cycle layouts for the helium-cooled DEMO reactor

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

1D Modelling of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger for Demo Fusion Power Plant

1D Modelling of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger for Demo Fusion Power Plant

Analyses and optimization of the CFETR power conversion system with a new supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle

The Design of the Scaled-down Experimental Device for Molten Salts

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Comprehensive comparison of various working media and corresponding power cycle layouts for the helium-cooled DEMO reactor

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

1D Modelling of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger for Demo Fusion Power Plant

1D Modelling of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger for Demo Fusion Power Plant

Analyses and optimization of the CFETR power conversion system with a new supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle

The Design of the Scaled-down Experimental Device for Molten Salts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Analyses and optimization of the CFETR power conversion system with a new supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle