Comprehensive dietary evaluation of Italian primary school children: food consumption and intake of energy, nutrients and phenolic compounds

Rosi, Alice; Mena, Pedro; Castello, Fabio; Rio, Daniele Del; Scazzina, Francesca

doi:10.1080/09637486.2020.1754768

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The EI reported by children in the present study was slightly higher of the one described in another study of similar-aged children, living in the same city, who used the same 3-day food diary during the school period [34], and also of the EI reported in a second study on 7-11 year-old children living in Northern Italy in which a similar 3-day food record was used to collect dietary data [35]. These data may exclude the possibility that the negative energy balance observed in this study could be due to under-reported intakes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…Regarding weight status, the majority of children was classified as normal weight (72–73%). Only one participant (1%) was obese, in contrast with local (5–7%) [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], regional (8%) and national data (9%) [ 33 ]. Likewise, the percentage of overweight children (school days: 15%; summer camp days: 13%) was similar to that observed in a similar sample of children living in the same city (15%) [ 26 ] but lower than other local (23%) [ 32 ], regional (21%), and national data (21%) documented by the last national surveillance system [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The EnergyKids Pilot Study: Comparing Energy Balance of Primary School Children during School and Summer Camp

et al. 2020

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Children’s energy requirements may vary during school and summer camp days. To evaluate energy balance during these two periods, seventy-eight children (45% females, 8–10 years) living in Parma, Italy, were enrolled in this observational study. Participants completed a 3-day food diary and wore an activity tracker for three consecutive days during a school- and a summer camp-week to estimate energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (TEE). Height and body weight were measured at the beginning of each period to define children’s weight status. BMI and EI (school: 1692 ± 265 kcal/day; summer camp: 1738 ± 262 kcal/day) were similar during both periods. Both physical activity and TEE (summer camp: 1948 ± 312; school: 1704 ± 263 kcal/day) were higher during summer camp compared to school time. Therefore, energy balance was more negative during summer camp (−209 ± 366 kcal/day) compared to school time (−12 ± 331 kcal/day). Similar results were observed when males and females were analyzed separately but, comparing the sexes, males had a higher TEE and a more negative energy balance than females, during both periods. The results strongly suggest that an accurate evaluation of children’s energy balance, that considers both diet and physical activity, is needed when planning adequate diets for different situations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EnergyKids Pilot Study: Comparing Energy Balance of Primary School Children during School and Summer Camp

et al. 2020

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“…Completed data were obtained from 172 children (52% females, 48% males, 8–10 years old), and a total of 344 3-day food diaries were analysed. Participants’ diets have been already fully described in a previous paper [ 21 ], and lower intakes for food groups, energy and nutrients were reported in spring rather than winter. When food intakes were computed for the major food sources ( Table 1 ), a decrease in food consumption from winter to spring was registered for plant-based food (e.g., vegetables, legumes, potatoes, cereals, bread, fruit, nuts, juices, p < 0.001), mixed food (e.g., beverages, pizza, sweets and desserts, p < 0.001), and beverages (e.g., soft drink, p = 0.026), while between-season differences were not observed for the quantity of animal-based food consumed (e.g., meat, poultry, cured meat, fish, eggs, milk, dairies).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects and study design have been described elsewhere [ 21 ]. Briefly, 220 third and fourth grade primary school children (8–10 years old) enrolled in the Giocampus school program, an educational project aiming to promote physical activity and healthy eating among primary school children in Parma) [ 22 ], were asked to participate in this empirical study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Environmental Impact of the Diet on Primary School Children Living in Parma (Italy)

Rosi

Biasini

Donati

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The key role of diet in both human health and environmental sustainability is well known. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the environmental impact of children’s dietary behavior. The aim of this observational study was to investigate the dietary environmental impact in a sample of primary school children living in Parma (Italy, n = 172, 8–10 years), in relation to their adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). Children completed a 3-day food record in both winter and spring. Dietary records were processed to obtain: (i) adherence to the MD and (ii) mean daily carbon and ecological footprints. Adherence to the MD was similar in winter and spring, with almost half of the participants showing a medium MD score. Carbon and ecological footprints were higher during winter, and the main dietary contributors were red and processed meat for both indexes. A small positive correlation was observed between adherence to the MD and total carbon and ecological footprints. This study provided the first analysis of the relationship between adherence to the MD and environmental impact of primary school children. Further research is needed to better investigate the environmental impact of primary school children’s diet and the possible relationship between the MD and environmental sustainability.

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“…Research suggests that vegetable consumption has important health benefits and can protect against a number of diseases (Holley et al, 2017). Despite these benefits, vegetable intake among children across European countries, including Italy, falls below the recommended portions per day (Yngve et al, 2005;Albani et al, 2017;World Health Organization, 2019;Rosi et al, 2021). Encouraging preschool-aged children to eat more vegetables is especially important, as food preferences develop early and can predict later dietary variety and picky eating behaviors (Coulthard et al, 2010;Cardona Cano et al, 2015;Fernandez et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See & Eat! Using E-books to Promote Vegetable Eating Among Preschoolers: Findings From an Italian Sample

et al. 2021

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Different strategies have been developed to help parents with introducing new or disliked vegetables. Nonetheless, many parents of preschoolers struggle against children's refusal to eat vegetables. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of e-books in promoting positive attitudes toward vegetables through repeated visual exposures. A total of 61 families with preschoolers joined the See & Eat study and received an e-book about one of two vegetables chosen from a list of 24. Parents provided ratings of children's willingness to taste, intake, and liking of the chosen vegetables before and after reading the e-book; parents also evaluated their children's food fussiness and their agreement with respect to three mealtime goals of the family. Using a 2 (vegetable: target or non-target) × 2 (time: pre-test or post-test) within-subjects analysis, results from 53 families revealed a significant increase in children's willingness to taste, intake, and liking at post-test of both target and non-target vegetables. Following a two-week parent-child e-book reading intervention, children's food fussiness and parents' endorsement of positive mealtime goals slightly but significantly increased. Results suggest that e-books are effective in encouraging healthy eating among preschoolers and that the positive effect of e-book reading can generalize to other vegetables.

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Comprehensive dietary evaluation of Italian primary school children: food consumption and intake of energy, nutrients and phenolic compounds

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

The EnergyKids Pilot Study: Comparing Energy Balance of Primary School Children during School and Summer Camp

The EnergyKids Pilot Study: Comparing Energy Balance of Primary School Children during School and Summer Camp

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Environmental Impact of the Diet on Primary School Children Living in Parma (Italy)

See & Eat! Using E-books to Promote Vegetable Eating Among Preschoolers: Findings From an Italian Sample

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