Comprehensive exploration of Biochanin A as an oncotherapeutics potential in the treatment of multivarious cancers with molecular insights

Abstract

Cancer is considered a leading cause of mortality. This rising cancer death rate and several existing limitations like side effects, poor efficacies, and high cost of the present chemotherapeutic agents have increased the demand for more potent and alternative cancer treatments. This review elucidated a brief overview of Biochanin A (BCA) and its potentiality on various cancers with details of anticancer mechanism. According to our review, a number of studies including in silico, in vitro, pre‐clinical, and clinical trials have tested to evaluate the efficacy of BCA. This compound is effective against 15 types of cancer, including breast, cervical, colorectal, gastric, glioblastoma, liver, lung, melanoma, oral, osteosarcoma, ovarian, pancreatic, pharynx, prostate, and umbilical vein cancer. The general anticancer activities of this compound are mediated via several molecular processes, including regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, signaling, enzymatic pathways, and other mechanisms. Targeting both therapeutic and oncogenic proteins, as well as different pathways, makes up the molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer action. Many signaling networks and their components, such as EFGR, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, PARP, Caspase‐3/8/9, Bax, Bcl2, PDL‐1, NF‐κB, TNF‐α, IL‐6, JAK, STAT3, VEGFR, VEGF, c‐MY, Cyclin B1, D1, E1 and CDKs, Snail, and E‐cadherin proteins, can be regulated in cancer cells by BCA. Such kind of anticancer properties of BCA could be a result of its correct structural chemistry. The use of BCA‐based therapies as nano‐carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic medicines has the potential to be very effective. This natural compound synergises with other natural compounds and standard drugs, including sorafenib, 5‐fluorouracil, temozolomide, doxorubicin, apigenin, and genistein. Moreover, proper use of this compound can reverse multidrug resistance through numerous mechanisms. BCA has better drug‐likeness and pharmacokinetic properties and is nontoxic (eye, liver, kidney, skin, cardio) in human bodies. As having a wide range of cancer‐fighting mechanisms, synergistic effects, and good pharmacokinetic properties, BCA can be used as a supplementary food until standard drugs are available at pharma markets.

Unveiling the potential anti‐cancer activity of calycosin against multivarious cancers with molecular insights: A promising frontier in cancer research

“…In silico approaches were used to conduct pharmacokinetics or ADME/Tox prediction through computational tools such as Schrodinger's QuickPro modules, online accessible server admetSAR, and SwissADME. 4,120 It was observed that molecular weight, QPlogPo/w, HBD, and HBA of calycosin were 284.26 g/mol, 1.5, 2, and 5, respectively, indicating good drug-likeness properties of the compounds. Molecular weight (MW), volume, density, nHA, nHD, nRot, nRing, MaxRing, nHet, fChar, nRig, flexibility, stereo centers, TPSA, logS, logP, and logD were among the physicochemical characteristics radar of calycosin that were computed using the ADMETlab 2.0 software and were shown in Figure 6.…”

“…In silico approaches were used to conduct pharmacokinetics or ADME/Tox prediction through computational tools such as Schrodinger's QuickPro modules, online accessible server admetSAR, and SwissADME 4,120 . It was observed that molecular weight, QPlogPo/w, HBD, and HBA of calycosin were 284.26 g/mol, 1.5, 2, and 5, respectively, indicating good drug‐likeness properties of the compounds.…”

Advances in Precision Medicine Approaches for Colorectal Cancer: From Molecular Profiling to Targeted Therapies

“…In the context of colorectal cancer, the development of resistance mechanisms can compromise the effectiveness of targeted therapies, limiting their long-term efficacy. Understanding the molecular basis of drug resistance is essential for devising strategies to overcome or prevent it, ensuring the sustained success of precision medicine interventions. , …”

“…Understanding the molecular basis of drug resistance is essential for devising strategies to overcome or prevent it, ensuring the sustained success of precision medicine interventions. 174,175 Another critical consideration in precision medicine against colorectal cancer is drug specificity. While targeted therapies aim to selectively inhibit specific molecular pathways involved in cancer progression, achieving sufficient specificity presents a significant challenge.…”

Esculetin unveiled: Decoding its anti‐tumor potential through molecular mechanisms—A comprehensive review

“…Enhancing its bioavailability and reducing the total amount are crucial strategies to maximize its effectiveness in cancer treatment. Some possible approaches, including formulation optimization (nanoparticle formulations and micelles and liposomes), prodrug development, combination therapy, targeted therapy, enhancing absorption, bio-enhancers, incorporating advanced drug delivery systems, and optimizing administration routes can significantly improve the bioavailability of esculetin and reduce the total dose required for effective cancer treatment, thereby minimizing potential side effects and improving patient outcomes.PHARMACOKINETICS OF ESCULETIN AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE IN DRUG DEVELOPMENTIn silico approaches conducted pharmacokinetics or ADME/Tox prediction through computational tools such as Schrodinger's QuickPro modules, online accessible server admetSAR, and SwissADME were used 114. Using Lipinski's "Rule of Five," the "drug-likeness" test was conducted, and all found compounds passed the test.…”