Comprehensive genomic analysis of Burkholderia arboris PN-1 reveals its biocontrol potential against Fusarium solani-induced root rot in Panax notoginseng

Abstract

Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen, a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, faces signi cant yield and quality challenges stemming from root rot primarily caused by Fusarium solani. Burkholderia arboris PN-1, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of P. notoginseng, demonstrated a remarkable ability to inhibit the growth of F. solani. This study integrates phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomic analyses to enhance our understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms employed by B. arboris PN-1. Phenotype analysis reveals that B. arboris PN-1 effectively suppresses P. notoginseng root rot both in vitro and in vivo. The genome of B. arboris PN-1 comprises three circular chromosomes (contig 1: 3,651,544 bp, contig 2: 1,355,460 bp, and contig 3: 3,471,056 bp), with a 66.81% GC content, housing 7,550 protein-coding genes. Notably, no plasmids were detected. Phylogenetic analysis places PN-1 in close relation to B. arboris AU14372, B. arboris LMG24066, and B. arboris MEC_B345. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values con rm the PN-1 classi cation as B. arboris. Comparative analysis with seven other B. arboris strains identi ed 4,628 core genes in B. arboris PN-1. The pan-genome of B. arboris appears open but may approach closure. Whole genome sequencing revealed 265 carbohydrate-active enzymes and identi ed 9 gene clusters encoding secondary metabolites. This comprehensive investigation enhances our understanding of B. arboris genomes, paving the way for their potential as effective biocontrol agents against fungal plant pathogens in the future.