Comprehensive investigation of novel pore-graded gas diffusion layers for high-performance and cost-effective proton exchange membrane electrolyzers

Lettenmeier, Philipp; Kolb, Svenja; Sata, Noriko; Fallisch, A.; Zielke, Lukas; Thiele, Simon; Gago, Aldo; Friedrich, K. Andreas

doi:10.1039/c7ee01240c

Cited by 196 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…The EIS analysis of single cell was performed in the frequency range of 10 4 to 10 −1 at 2.0 V cell and shown in inset of Figure E. The Nyquist plot shown as an inset figure represents a typical shape of combined charge and mass transfer related resistances . The obtained R ohm was 0.2 Ω cm 2 and the overpotential subdivisions at 0.5 and 1.0 A cm −2 calculated using this were presented in Figure E.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The Nyquist plot shown as an inset figure represents a typical shape of combined charge and mass transfer related resistances. [72][73][74][75] The obtained R ohm was 0.2 Ω cm 2 and the overpotential subdivisions at 0.5 and 1.0 A cm −2 calculated using this were presented in Figure 6E. In detail, 0.2 Ω cm 2 of R ohm from EIS was used to redraw the iR-corrected Tafel plot.…”

Section: F I G U R E 3 (A) X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) Patterns Of Ti Foimentioning

confidence: 96%

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Facile electrochemical preparation of nonprecious Co‐Cu alloy catalysts for hydrogen production in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

Kim

Park

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary To realize nonprecious‐metal catalysts with practical applicability for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), improved corrosion resistance and catalytic activity are required. In this study, composition‐controlled Co‐Cu alloys were fabricated by electrodeposition for use as HER catalysts in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). As the Cu content in the alloy increased, the morphology changed from needle‐shaped particles to small round particles. Furthermore, a phase transition from a hexagonal close‐packed structure to a face‐centered cubic structure occurs because the latter structure is stabilized by adding Cu to Co. The optimum catalyst composition for the HER was found to be Co59Cu41, which had an overpotential of 342 mV at −10 mA cm−2. This catalyst exhibited excellent durability, showing a potential reduction of approximately 100 mV over 12 hours under a constant current density. This superior performance was attributed to the increase in the electrochemical surface area resulting from the addition of Cu, as confirmed by electrochemical double layer capacitance measurements, in addition to a counterbalance between the hydrogen adsorption energies of Co and Cu. Finally, the application of the Co‐Cu alloy catalyst as a cathode catalyst in a PEMWE resulted in excellent performance of 1.2 A cm−2 at 2.0 Vcell.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: F I G U R E 3 (A) X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) Patterns Of Ti Foimentioning

confidence: 96%

Facile electrochemical preparation of nonprecious Co‐Cu alloy catalysts for hydrogen production in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

Kim

Park

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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“…[53] Not only for tortuosity but also in the remaining analysis, MPL 1 featured slightly different results compared to MPL 2 and 3 due to its slightly higher porosity of 40%. Tortuosity was determined to be 1.5 to 1.9, which is one order of magnitude lower as reported for VPS layers in literature.…”

Section: Morphology and Transport Parametersmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…As expected, at low current densities (<0.5 A cm −2 ) a shift toward higher cell voltage occurs due to a higher Nernst voltage. The difference might be explained by the low open porosity and higher tortuosity [53] of VPS surface coatings. [22] Of further interest is the performance of the presented multilayer materials compared to other surface modified sintered PTL materials.…”

Section: Technological Potentialmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recent results indicate that mechanically introduced microcracks as well as ionomer swelling play an important role. However, cells with single layer VPS coating showed almost identical cell performance as with the untreated, commercial material, which might be attributed to the high bulk tortuosity (up to 50 [53] ) of the VPS layers, highlighting the importance of high open porosity. Lettenmeier et al [52] used vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) to add a dense Ti layer (10-15% porosity) to a commercially available powder sintered material (SIKA T10, GKN Sinter Metals), resulting in a decrease in ohmic contact resistance of 20 mΩ cm 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Hierarchically Structured Porous Transport Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis

Schuler

Ciccone

Krentscher³

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

132

162

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renewable power, from wind or solar by medium-to-long-term storage using hydrogen as the energy vector, [1,2] enabling effective decarbonisation of the energy sector. [3] PEWE converts electric power by electrochemical water splitting into storable chemical energy. [4][5][6][7] Hydrogen can be reconverted to power or used in other sectors, [8,9] such as fuel cell based mobility [10] and chemical industries. [11] To make hydrogen production with polymer electrolyte water electrolysis a technoeconomically relevant contender, capital and operational cost need to be reduced substantially. [12][13][14][15] Operational cost, which becomes the main cost driver for operation schemes with high duty ratio (≥6000 h p.a.), is governed by power prices and the hydrogen production efficiency of the PEWE plant, which in turn strongly depends on the electrochemical performance and efficiency of the PEWE cell technology employed. [16] The electrochemical efficiency is governed by the underlying electrochemical loss mechanisms of kinetic, ohmic, and mass transport losses, whereas capital cost is driven by limited power density and high noble metal catalyst loadings.Recent studies revealed that the structure of the interface between the anodic porous transport layer (PTL) and the catalyst layer (CL) is a crucial factor limiting cell efficiency. [17][18][19][20][21] Today's PEWE technology relies on porous, Ti based, transport layer materials in the form of sintered materials [17,18,[22][23][24][25] with original applications in filtration [26] or medical tissue growing. [27][28][29] The lack of PTL materials with suitable surface characteristics tailored for this application inhibits the further improvement of cell efficiency and development of PEWE technology.Kinetic losses are governed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The related overpotential depends on intrinsic catalyst parameters, such as specific exchange current density, activation energy, and number of active catalyst sites. [30] It has been established with model experiments such as optical imaging of the PTL/CL interface [19,20,31] and correlation of in-depth electrochemical analysis with PTL surface structure [17,18] that the catalyst is only partially utilized and CL domains not directly contacted by the porous Timaterials showed no gas evolution hence no electrochemical activity. Schuler et al. [17,18] have quantified the effect, showing

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Manufacturing of Large‐Scale Titanium‐Based Porous Transport Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolysis by Tape Casting

et al. 2019

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Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis is an ideal method for the direct conversion of regenerative energy into hydrogen. A key component of PEM electrolysis stacks is the porous transport layer (PTL), which is usually comprised of titanium to withstand the harsh conditions of water splitting. This present study investigates the potential of tape casting as a means of mass producing titanium transport layers in a cost-effective way. Gasatomized and hydrogenation-dehydrogenation titanium powders are used as starting materials. A systematic study is conducted to find processing parameters, which can demonstrate the potential of tape casting as a means of manufacturing large-scale porous transport layers for PEM electrolyzers. For proof of concept, the dimensions of the porous transport layer are scaled up to 470 Â 470 mm 2 (at a thickness of 300 μm) and the component is successfully operated in an industrial electrolyzer under realistic conditions.

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Comprehensive investigation of novel pore-graded gas diffusion layers for high-performance and cost-effective proton exchange membrane electrolyzers

Abstract: Innovative approach for producing GDLs of PEM electrolyzers enabling a significant reduction in the manufacturing cost and facilitating higher performance than from the state of the art.

Cited by 196 publications

References 48 publications

Facile electrochemical preparation of nonprecious Co‐Cu alloy catalysts for hydrogen production in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

Facile electrochemical preparation of nonprecious Co‐Cu alloy catalysts for hydrogen production in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

Hierarchically Structured Porous Transport Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis

Manufacturing of Large‐Scale Titanium‐Based Porous Transport Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolysis by Tape Casting

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