Comprehensive Investigation of Solar-Based Hydrogen and Electricity Production in Iran

Abstract

Hydrogen is a clean and environmentally friendly energy vector that can play an important role in meeting the world’s future energy needs. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the potential for hydrogen production from solar energy could greatly facilitate the transition to a hydrogen economy. Because by knowing the exact amount of potential for solar hydrogen production, the cost-effectiveness of its production can be compared with other methods of hydrogen production. Considering the above, it can be seen that so far no comprehensive study has been done on finding the exact potential of solar hydrogen production in different stations of Iran and finding the most suitable station. Therefore, in the present work, for the first time, using the HOMER and ArcGIS softwares, the technical-economic study of solar hydrogen production at home-scale was done. The results showed that Jask station with a levelized cost of energy equal to $ 0.172 and annual production of 83.8 kg of hydrogen is the best station and Darab station with a levelized cost of energy equal to $ 0.286 and annual production of 50.4 kg of hydrogen is the worst station. According to the results, other suitable stations were Bushehr and Deyr, and other unsuitable stations were Anzali and Khalkhal. Also, in 102 under study stations, 380 MW of solar electricity equivalent to 70.2 tons of hydrogen was produced annually. Based on the geographic information system map, it is clear that the southern half of Iran, especially the coasts of the Persian Gulf and the sea of Oman, is suitable for hydrogen production, and the northern, northeastern, northwestern, and one region in southern of Iran are unsuitable for hydrogen production. The authors of this article hope that the results of the present work will help the energy policymakers to create strategic frameworks and a roadmap for the production of solar hydrogen in Iran.

Effects of Different Target Solar Fractions on Providing Heat Required for Space Heating, Sanitary Hot Water, and Swimming Pool in Iran: A Case Study in Cold Climate

“…For one-year dynamic simulation, TSOL 2018 commercial software has been used, which has the ability to supply the required space heat, sanitary water consumption, and swimming pool by SWHs [46]. Design, optimization, and accurate calculation are other features of the software [47].…”

“…e schematic of the system understudy is shown in Figure 5. Based on the figure, it is clear that the orientation of solar collectors is at an angle of 32 °(equal to latitude) [47] and to the south. e aim is to supply 110 liters of sanitary hot water per day with a temperature of 60 °C [37] and to provide space heating and pool water using SWHs and an auxiliary gas boiler of 25 kW.…”

Managing Outsourcing in IT Software Services: A study of 3 Perspectives and 3 Industries in UAE

“…Outsourcing vendors should fulfill their responsibilities based on the agreed quality and time wise. As a result, "outsourcing IT increases the complexity and scope of IT audit" which will be examined later in the paper as the solution for the proposed problems (Farrukh et al, 2023;T M Ghazal et al, 2023a) (Kalbasi et al, 2021). The UAE as one of the fast growing countries is encouraging the organizations to move towards electronic and smart functions (Muhammad Turki Alshurideh et al, 2022c).…”

“…According to (Muhammad Turki Alshurideh et al, 2023c;Mtsweni et al, 2021), few papers looked at outsourcing relationships from both clients and vendors viewpoints. (Al-Kassem, 2017;Kalbasi et al, 2021;) also suggested that using the viewpoint of some other stakeholders as well like IT and business managers or staff would provide some new ideas (Rimba et al, 2020). It was decided after reviewing many recent articles that the research done in this paper tries to fill this gap as it is based on several interviews done with IT managers, business managers and vendors (H. M. E.…”

Electroless Plating of High-Performance Composite Pd Membranes with EDTA-Free Bath

“…Because hydrogen fuel cells generate no pollutants and generally exhibit better efficiency than conventional internal combustion engines [1], hydrogen has been considered as one of the solutions for energy and environmental issues. Hydrogen can be obtained by cooperating water electrolysis with renewable power generation systems, such as solar and wind power [2,3]. It is attractive because no pollutants would be generated during hydrogen production, but the higher cost of this technique compared to hydrogen production from fossil fuels and biomass still limits its usage [4,5].…”