Comprehensive investigation of the corrosion state of the heat exchanger tubes of steam generators. Part II. Chemical composition and structure of tube surfaces

Homonnay, Z.; Кузманн, Э.; Varga, K.; Németh, Zoltán; Szabó, Attila; Radó, Krisztián; Makó, K. É; Kövér, L.; Cserny, I.; Varga, D.; Tóth, J.; Schunk, J.; Tilky, P.; Patek, G.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.09.013

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The micro-Raman spectroscopy (laser wavelength l = 532 nm) and XRD analysis (grazing incidence, u = 1°) of this sample showed mainly the creation of hematite Fe 2 O 3 and a mixed oxide of Fe and Cr (Fe 3 O 4 /FeCr 2 O 4 ). This structure appeared to be similar to the oxide layers in industrial nuclear conditions [6]. The oxide phases identified by XRD in samples with and without Eu were the same.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Oxide Coatingssupporting

confidence: 63%

Growth of micrometric oxide layers to explore laser decontamination of metallic surfaces

Carvalho

Pacquentin

Tabarant

et al. 2017

EPJ Nuclear Sci. Technol.

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Abstract. The nuclear industry produces a wide range of radioactive waste in terms of hazard level, contaminants and material. For metallic equipment like steam generators, the radioactivity is mainly located in the oxide surface. In order to study and develop safe techniques for dismantling and for decontamination, it is important to have access to oxide layers with a representative distribution of non-radioactive contaminants. In this paper we propose a method for the creation of oxide layers on stainless steel 304L with europium (Eu) as contaminant. This technique consists in spraying an Eu-solution on stainless steel samples. The specimens are firstly treated with a pulsed nanosecond laser after which the steel samples are placed in a 873 K furnace for various durations in order to grow an oxide layer. The oxide structure and in-depth distribution of Eu in the oxide layer were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyzer, as well as by glow discharge optical emission or mass spectrometry. The oxide layers were grown to thicknesses in the range of 200 nm-4.5 mm depending on the laser treatment parameters and the heating duration. These contaminated oxides had a 'duplex structure' with a mean concentration of the order of 6 Â 10 16 atoms/ cm 2 (15 mg/cm 2 ) of europium in the volume of the oxide layer. It appears that europium implementation prevented the oxide growth in the furnace. Nevertheless, the presence of the contamination had no impact on the thickness of the oxide layers obtained by preliminary laser treatment. These oxide layers were used to study the decontamination of metallic surfaces such as stainless steel 304L using a nanosecond pulsed laser.

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Section: Characterization Of the Oxide Coatingssupporting

confidence: 63%

Growth of micrometric oxide layers to explore laser decontamination of metallic surfaces

Carvalho

Pacquentin

Tabarant

et al. 2017

EPJ Nuclear Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…The micro-Raman spectroscopy (laser wavelength λ = 532 nm) and XRD analysis (grazing incidence, θ = 1°) of this sample showed mainly the formation of hematite Fe2O3 and we can assume the presence of a Fe-Cr spinel. This structure appeared to be similar to the oxide layers in industrial conditions [5]. The DRX analysis showed the same results for samples with and without Eu and were not able to reveal any specific phase with Eu.…”

Section: Icrs-13 and Rpsd-2016supporting

confidence: 61%

Growth of micrometric oxide layers for the study of metallic surfaces decontamination by laser

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The nuclear industry produces a wide range of radioactive waste in term of level of hazard, contaminants and material. For metallic equipment like steam generators, the radioactivity is mainly located in the oxide surface. In order to study and develop techniques for dismantling and for decontamination in a safe way, it is important to have access to oxide layers with a representative distribution of non-radioactive contaminants. We propose a method of formation of oxide layer on stainless steel 304L with europium (Eu) as contaminant marker. In this method, an Eusolution is sprayed on the stainless steel samples. The specimen are firstly treated with a pulsed nanosecond laser and secondly the steel samples are exposed to a 600°C furnace for various durations in order to grow an oxide layer. The oxide structure and in-depth distribution of Eu in the oxide layer are analysed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer, and by glow discharge optical emission or mass spectrometry. The oxide layers were grown to thicknesses in the range of 200 nm to 4.5 μm regarding to the laser treatment parameters and the heating duration. These contaminated oxides have a 'duplex structure' with a mean weight percentage of 0.5% of europium in the volume of the oxide layer. It appears that europium implementation prevents the oxide growth by furnace but has no impact on laser heating. These oxide layers are used to study the decontamination of metallic surfaces such as stainless steel 304L using a nanosecond pulsed laser.

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“…The feed water distributing system consists of a T-junction and of the left and right parts of a horizontal pipe collector with a number of short cylindrical water outlet nozzles. The horizontal pipe collector is inserted into an SG tube bundle, and it consists of 22K Russian carbon steel (GOST 22K, STN 12022; see Table 1) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Steam Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Steam Generators Corrosion Products from Slovak NPP Bohunice

Degmova

Dekan

Slugeň

et al. 2012

International Journal of Corrosion

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One of the main goals of the nuclear industry is to increase the nuclear safety and reliability of nuclear power plants (NPPs). As the steam generator (SG) is the most corrosion sensitive component of NPPs, it is important to analyze the corrosion process and optimize its construction materials to avoid damages like corrosion cracking. For this purpose two different kinds of SGs and its feed water distributing systems from the NPP Jaslovske Bohunice were studied by nondestructive Mössbauer spectroscopy. The samples were scraped from the surface and analyzed in transmission geometry. Magnetite and hematite were found to be the main components in the corrosion layers of both SGs. Dependant of the material the SG consisted of, and the location in the system where the samples were taken, the ratios between magnetite and hematite and the paramagnetic components were different. The obtained results can be used to improve corrosion safety of the VVER-440 secondary circuit as well as to optimize its water chemistry regime.

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Comprehensive investigation of the corrosion state of the heat exchanger tubes of steam generators. Part II. Chemical composition and structure of tube surfaces

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Growth of micrometric oxide layers to explore laser decontamination of metallic surfaces

Growth of micrometric oxide layers to explore laser decontamination of metallic surfaces

Growth of micrometric oxide layers for the study of metallic surfaces decontamination by laser

Analysis of Steam Generators Corrosion Products from Slovak NPP Bohunice

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