“…11 ), most of the BA applications under electrical and power system research domain. In this domain, the optimization problems addressed by BA are economic/emission dispatch [ 40 , 173 , 267 , 292 ], power economic dispatch [ 210 ], reactive power dispatch [ 209 , 214 ], optimal power flow [ 326 ], electronics, control, and communication [ 1 , 38 , 132 , 226 , 257 , 266 ], solar PV parameter estimation and solar radiation forecasting [ 3 , 310 , 337 ], photovoltaic energy system [ 76 , 94 – 96 , 145 , 176 , 194 , 225 , 259 ], forecasting of petroleum consumption [ 58 ], load frequency control [ 19 , 92 , 93 ], energy consumption [ 104 , 219 , 261 ], proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller [ 60 , 122 , 164 , 187 , 188 , 193 , 224 , 233 , 330 ], wind speed forecasting [ 67 , 174 , 222 , 309 , 311 ], power system [ 30 , 31 , 36 , 70 , 81 , 91 , 106 , 121 , 162 , 258 , 278 , 284 ], dam–reservoir operation [ 99 ], and others [ 136 ]. These applications are presented in Fig.…”