Comprehensive metabolomics-based analysis of sugar composition and content in berries of 18 grape varieties

Abstract

Xinjiang is the largest grape-producing region in China and the main grape cultivation area in the world. The Eurasian grape resources grown in Xinjiang are very rich in diversity. The sugar composition and content are the main factors that determine the quality of berries. However, there are currently no systematic reports on the types and contents of sugars in grapes grown in Xinjiang region. In this research, we evaluated the appearance and fruit maturity indicators of 18 grape varieties during fruit ripening and determined their sugar content using GC-MS. All cultivars primarily contained glucose, D-fructose, and sucrose. The glucose content in varieties varied from 42.13% to 46.80% of the total sugar, whereas the fructose and sucrose contents varied from 42.68% to 50.95% and 6.17% to 12.69%, respectively. The content of trace sugar identified in grape varieties varied from 0.6 to 2.3 mg/g. The comprehensive assessment by principal component analysis revealed strong positive correlations between some sugar components. A comprehensive study on the content and types of sugar will provide the foundation to determine the quality of grape cultivars and effective ways to utilize resources to improve sugar content through breeding.

Chemical and Sensory Evaluation on Several Varieties of Salak (Salacca zalacca) Fruit from Indonesia

“…This was consistent with a previous report that the total sugar of Pondoh Super was higher (14.50%) than Pondoh Madu (13.38%) and Pondoh Gading (12.37) [23]. Sugar content in fruit is influenced by variety and maturity level [22]. It was reported that the sugar content increased during ripening, and the reducing sugar content was related to the gritty texture of the salak Pondoh [11].On the other hand, the total soluble solids of the six varieties ranged from 22.55 to 23.83 Brix.…”

“…The pH value of Sari Intan was reported to be related to total acid concentration. Salak with a higher pH has less total acid [22]. Sari Intan 48 had lower total acid (0.82) than Sari Intan 295 (0.51-1.23) and 541(0.34-1.25).…”

From acidity to sweetness: a comprehensive review of carbon accumulation in grape berries

“…Kliewer found a broader variation among 26 Vitis species from North America and the Middle East, with TSS at maturity spanning from 13.7 Brix in V. champinii to 31.5 Brix in V. riparia from Wyoming (Kliewer 1967b ). Furthermore, among 18 Eurasian grape species in Xinjiang region, the TSS at maturity have been reported to vary widely, from as low as14.9 Brix in Victoria to as high as 25.1 Brix in Summer Black (Zhong et al 2023 ). In terms of specific sugar types, all cultivars primarily accumulate glucose and fructose, typically glucose content ranging from 42.13 to 46.80% of the total sugar and the fructose contents varied from 42.68 to 50.95%, while exhibiting very low levels of sucrose which varied from 6.17 to 12.69% (Zhong et al 2023 ).…”

“…Furthermore, among 18 Eurasian grape species in Xinjiang region, the TSS at maturity have been reported to vary widely, from as low as14.9 Brix in Victoria to as high as 25.1 Brix in Summer Black (Zhong et al 2023 ). In terms of specific sugar types, all cultivars primarily accumulate glucose and fructose, typically glucose content ranging from 42.13 to 46.80% of the total sugar and the fructose contents varied from 42.68 to 50.95%, while exhibiting very low levels of sucrose which varied from 6.17 to 12.69% (Zhong et al 2023 ). Conversely, V. labrusca and V. rotundifolia , along with their interspecific hybrids, are noted for higher sucrose levels, ranging from 5 to 58.28 g/L, along with moderate concentrations of glucose and fructose (from 35 to 54 g/L), marking a distinct contrast in sugar profiles (Dai et al 2011 ).…”

Application fruit tree hole storage brick fertilizer is beneficial to increase the nitrogen utilization of grape under subsurface drip irrigation

“…( Dylan et al., 2022 ). Currently there are fewer reports on whether nanomaterials can regulate the growth and development of grapevines ( Zhong et al., 2023 ). Our laboratory has developed a new nano fertilizer.…”