Comprehensive organic emission profiles, secondary organic aerosol production potential, and OH reactivity of domestic fuel combustion in Delhi, India

Stewart, Gareth J.; Nelson, Beth S.; Acton, W. Joe F.; Vaughan, Adam; Hopkins, James R.; Yunus, Siti S. M.; Hewitt, C. Nicholas; Nemitz, Eiko; Mandal, T. K.; Gadi, Ranu; Sahu, L. K.; Rickard, Andrew R.; Lee, James; Hamilton, Jacqueline F.

doi:10.1039/d0ea00009d

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…The measurement of higher emission factors for cow dung cake than fuelwood was consistent with that observed in other studies (Bhargava et al, 2004;Gadi et al, 2012). Quantitative emission factors of other VOC classes are given in Stewart et al (2021c). Analysis of the volatility distribution of total measured organic emissions, OH reactivity and SOA production potential of the fuels studied here is provided elsewhere (Stewart et al, 2021b).…”

Section: Development Of Emission Factorssupporting

confidence: 85%

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Emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from domestic fuels used in Delhi, India

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Biomass burning emits significant quantities of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) in a complex mixture, probably containing many thousands of chemical species. These components are significantly more toxic and have poorly understood chemistry compared to volatile organic compounds routinely quantified in ambient air; however, analysis of I/SVOCs presents a difficult analytical challenge. The gases and particles emitted during the test combustion of a range of domestic solid fuels collected from across Delhi were sampled and analysed. Organic aerosol was collected onto Teflon (PTFE) filters, and residual low-volatility gases were adsorbed to the surface of solid-phase extraction (SPE) discs. A new method relying on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC–ToF-MS) was developed. This highly sensitive and powerful analytical technique enabled over 3000 peaks from I/SVOC species with unique mass spectra to be detected. A total of 15 %–100 % of gas-phase emissions and 7 %–100 % of particle-phase emissions were characterised. The method was analysed for suitability to make quantitative measurements of I/SVOCs using SPE discs. Analysis of SPE discs indicated phenolic and furanic compounds were important for gas-phase I/SVOC emissions and levoglucosan to the aerosol phase. Gas- and particle-phase emission factors for 21 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were derived, including 16 compounds listed by the US EPA as priority pollutants. Gas-phase emissions were dominated by smaller PAHs. The new emission factors were measured (mg kg−1) for PAHs from combustion of cow dung cake (615), municipal solid waste (1022), crop residue (747), sawdust (1236), fuelwood (247), charcoal (151) and liquefied petroleum gas (56). The results of this study indicate that cow dung cake and municipal solid waste burning are likely to be significant PAH sources, and further study is required to quantify their impact alongside emissions from fuelwood burning.

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Section: Development Of Emission Factorssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…S7 and S8 in the Supplement. Quantitative VOC emission factors measured using PTR-ToF-MS and gas chromatography from the fuel types studied are given in Stewart et al (2021c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from domestic fuels used in Delhi, India

et al. 2021

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“…Samples were passed through a cooling and dilution chamber designed to replicate the immediate condensational processes that occur in smoke particles approximately 5-20 min after emission yet prior to photochemistry which may change composition (Akagi et al, 2011). Further details of the SPE sample collection are given in Stewart et al (2021c).…”

Section: Fuel Collection and Burning Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements of a subset of 29 burns of C 13 -C 20 alkanes were made, as well as other gas-phase species to assist with qualification of masses measured by PTR-ToF-MS, by adsorbing samples to the surface of SPE discs with analysis by GC × GC-ToF-MS, as detailed in Stewart et al (2021c). Samples of 180 L were adsorbed to the surface of C 18 coated SPE discs (Resprep, C 18 , 47 mm) prewashed with 2 × 5 mL acetone washes and 1 × 5 mL methanol wash.…”

Section: Gc × Gc-tof-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emissions from biomass burning fires are complex and can contain many hundreds to thousands of chemical species (Crutzen et al, 1979;McDonald et al, 2000;Hays et al, 2002;Hatch et al, 2018;Stewart et al, 2021c). Measurements of emissions by gas chromatography (GC) have been made (EPA, 2000;Wang et al, 2014;Gilman et al, 2015;Stockwell et al, 2016;Fleming et al, 2018), as it has the potential to provide isomeric speciation of emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Twenty-nine different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GC-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC × GC–ToF-MS). On average, 94 % speciation of total measured NMVOC emissions was achieved across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were fuelwood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquefied petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8). The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid-fuel combustion in India.

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Solid biofuel production, environmental impact, and technoeconomic analysis

Cherian

Mohan

Anju

2022

Biofuels and Bioenergy

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Comprehensive organic emission profiles, secondary organic aerosol production potential, and OH reactivity of domestic fuel combustion in Delhi, India

Abstract: This study examines the volatility distribution of organic emissions from solid fuel combustion sources from Delhi, India, and examines the chemical drivers of the OH reactivity and the secondary organic aerosol production potential.

Cited by 13 publications

References 70 publications

Emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from domestic fuels used in Delhi, India

Emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from domestic fuels used in Delhi, India

Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

Solid biofuel production, environmental impact, and technoeconomic analysis

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