Comprehensive Profiling of Urinary Peptides in Cow Reveals Physiology Specific Signatures and Several Bioactive Properties

Abstract

Peptidomics allows the identification of thousands of peptides that are derived from proteins. Urinary peptidomics has revolutionized the field of diagnostics as the sample represents complete systemic changes of the body and is collected non-invasively. We profiled the peptides in urine collected from different physiological states of Sahiwal cows namely heifer, pregnancy, and lactation. Endogenous peptides were extracted from 30 individual cows belonging to three groups, each group comprising of ten animals (biological replicates n = 10). Nano Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) experiments revealed 5239, 4774, and 5466 peptides in the heifer, pregnant, and lactating animals, respectively. The diversity in endogenous peptides in urine sets baseline information substantiating various bioactivities (anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, and anticancerous) associated with cow urine. Several proteases have been traced back in the body which was found responsible for the physiology specific peptide signature of urine. The in silico study also highlights the enrichment of progenitor proteins on the specific chromosome and their relative expression in context to specific physiology. The urinary peptides, precursor proteins, and proteases identified in the study thus set a solid foundation for future research in biomarker discovery and a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the body.

Integrating Omics Technologies for a Comprehensive Understanding of the Microbiome and Its Impact on Cattle Production

“…Within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants like cattle, the rumen and the lower GIT accommodate a range of symbiotic, commensal, and parasitic microorganisms. These microorganisms exert significant effects on the physiology and performance of the animals, thereby contributing to the overall metabolic capacity of the rumen [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

“…This investigation aims to enhance the comprehension of the intricate relationship between host organisms and their microbial inhabitants. The microbiome exerts a pivotal influence on various aspects of host metabolism, physiology, and immunity, playing an indispensable role in diverse stages of animal health [ 10 ]. Gastrointestinal microbes hold a pivotal position in the health and disease dynamics of animals.…”