Comprehensive review of IDMs in DG systems

Abstract

Distributed generation (DG) offers solution to the ever increasing energy needs by generating energy at the consumer end, in most cases, by means of renewable energy sources. Islanding detection is an important aspect of interconnecting a DG to the utility. This study presents comprehensive review of various islanding detection techniques along with their relative advantages and disadvantages. A broad classification of islanding detection methods (IDMs) is laid out as classical methods, signal processing (SP)-based methods, and computational intelligence-based methods with a focus on SP-based methods and computational intelligence-based methods. The evolution of SP techniques used for islanding detection is presented along with the merits and shortcomings of each technique. Furthermore, the advent of computational intelligence methods based IDMs are discussed along with their merits and demerits. An insight into various islanding methods based on quantitative measures of performance indices such as detection time, detection accuracy, and efficiency are tabulated and presented. Finally, the prospective direction of research for IDMs is also presented.

A Research of Islanding Detection Method for Distributed Generation: Mechanism, Merits and Demerits

“…IDMs can be broadly classified as classical method and modern method. Classical method includes local method and communication-based or remote method, while modern method includes SP-based, method and artificial intelligence (AI) method [6]. Fig.…”

“…Passive method inherits the limitation of big NDZ, hence in 1997; researchers start to invent active method to enhance anti-islanding strategy. The main principle of active method is continual injection of small perturbation at specified interval, to specified variables in the DG output [6]. These perturbation injections bring crucial change in the variables when an islanding phenomenon occurs; otherwise the perturbation is rather negligible.…”

“…The variations are evaluated by utilizing rate of change of voltage with reference to current ( ) of the DG output [27]. If the overshoots the predefined threshold, then islanding phenomenon is considered to occur [6].…”

“…The concern is mainly in regards to the fluctuation and variation of the voltage and frequency. Stability interference of the systems might cause complication for proper automatic grid reconnection and restoration [6].…”

“…These standards demand stringent requirements mainly in regards to the detection period, frequency and voltage, and utilized as the benchmark in order to develop new IDM. For an instance, the IEEE 1547 standard demands that the islanding operation should be detected and halted within 2 s [6]. A digestion of the main international standards is as shown in Table I where stands for nominal voltage and stands for nominal frequency [7].…”