Comprehensive review of imaging features of sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary

Abstract

Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary (SCST) are uncommon ovarian tumors arising from sex cord and/or stromal cells of the ovaries. They may be nonfunctional and asymptomatic or functional presenting with hyperestrogenic, hyperandrogenic or cushingoid symptoms. They present in a wide age group of women, mostly in early stages and follow a nonaggressive clinical course after surgical resection. They differ from more prevalent epithelial ovarian tumors which tend to present in older women in advanced stages with poor prognosis. Some of SCSTs are associated with clinical syndromes. We will review imaging features on ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, epidemiology and clinical presentations of these tumors.

Use of staging for sex cord stromal tumours

“…SLCTs are frequently unilateral solid masses, but they lack a characteristic appearance on imaging [11].…”

“…GCTs usually present as unilateral large masses, with a multicystic with solid components or solid heterogeneous appearance on ultrasound and CT, mirrored by a 'sponge-like' appearance in MRI [11][12]. They are rarely associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis [11,14]. Uterine changes and endometrial thickening are better detected on ultrasound or MRI thanCT [14].…”

“…The advances in imaging techniques have greatly improved the clinical staging of disease and the monitoring of recurrence [1,11–14,15 ▪ ]. However, surgery is still the mainstay of staging and treatment for malignant SCSTs.…”

Ovarian Sertoli Cell Tumor with Immature Prepubertal-like Sertoli Cell Component: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…The histogenesis of Sertoli tumors of the ovary is entirely hypothetical; it is thought that they arise from cells within the ovary that have retained their potential to differentiate in appearance and function toward a Sertoli cell [3]. Typically, they are unilateral benign tumors of the ovary that most commonly present in adolescents and young women of childbearing potential [4]. Sertoli cell tumors may be diagnosed incidentally as nonfunctioning asymptomatic ovarian masses or present as hormone-producing tumors associated with hormonal hyperactivity [4,5].…”

“…Typically, they are unilateral benign tumors of the ovary that most commonly present in adolescents and young women of childbearing potential [4]. Sertoli cell tumors may be diagnosed incidentally as nonfunctioning asymptomatic ovarian masses or present as hormone-producing tumors associated with hormonal hyperactivity [4,5]. The tumor usually produces estrogen, while progesterone or testosterone production is extremely rare [6].…”