Comprehensive review of oral minoxidil in alopecia

Modha, Jay D; Pathania, Yashdeep Singh

doi:10.1111/jocd.15324

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The safety and efficacy of oral minoxidil for treating FPHL have been evaluated in several studies [34,35]. These studies used minoxidil doses from 0.25 to 1.25 mg for duration of 6-12 months (Table 1) [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Female-pattern Hair Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review

Gupta,

Talukder,

Shemar

et al. 2023

Skin Appendage Disord

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Low-dose oral minoxidil (LDOM) has demonstrated a promising safety and efficacy profile in the treatment of various hair disorders, including male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and female-pattern hair loss (FPHL); however, it lacks FDA approval. The usual LDOM starting dose for male AGA is 1–5 mg/day, depending on physician preference and the patient’s condition. For FPHL, it is 0.5–1 mg/day. The maximum dose is generally 5 mg/day. If patients respond well without major side effects, the dose may be gradually increased since the LDOM’s efficacy appears to be dose-dependent. Patients may use LDOM long term if the treatment outcome is satisfactory. The common side effects of LDOM are hypertrichosis and cardiovascular symptoms. Females are more prone to hypertrichosis than males. The side effects of LDOM can be categorized as (a) dose-dependent type A side effects (hypertrichosis and cardiovascular symptoms) and (b) idiosyncratic type B side effects (pericardial effusion). Minoxidil acts via multiple pathways. Although minoxidil has a relatively short half-life of around 4 h, its hypotensive effect may last approximately 72 h. Effective treatments for alopecia are limited. Therefore, LDOM could be an important addition to the available therapies for managing some hair disorders, including AGA.

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Section: Female-pattern Hair Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review

Gupta,

Talukder,

Shemar

et al. 2023

Skin Appendage Disord

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“…Several medicines can treat hair loss in humans [19]. Minoxidil, originally developed as a drug to lower blood pressure by dilating blood vessels, was unexpectedly found to stimulate hair growth, and thus was later developed as a hair growth promoter [20][21][22]. Minoxidil has been described to stimulate cell proliferation, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and prostaglandin synthesis while inhibiting collagen synthesis in various skin and hair follicle cell types [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Plant Extracts Help Prevent Hair Loss or Promote Hair Growth? A Review Comparing Their Therapeutic Efficacies, Phytochemical Components, and Modulatory Targets

Choi,

Boo,

Boo

2024

Molecules

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This narrative review aims to examine the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of plant extracts in preventing and treating alopecia (baldness). We searched and selected research papers on plant extracts related to hair loss, hair growth, or hair regrowth, and comprehensively compared the therapeutic efficacies, phytochemical components, and modulatory targets of plant extracts. These studies showed that various plant extracts increased the survival and proliferation of dermal papilla cells in vitro, enhanced cell proliferation and hair growth in hair follicles ex vivo, and promoted hair growth or regrowth in animal models in vivo. The hair growth-promoting efficacy of several plant extracts was verified in clinical trials. Some phenolic compounds, terpenes and terpenoids, sulfur-containing compounds, and fatty acids were identified as active compounds contained in plant extracts. The pharmacological effects of plant extracts and their active compounds were associated with the promotion of cell survival, cell proliferation, or cell cycle progression, and the upregulation of several growth factors, such as IGF-1, VEGF, HGF, and KGF (FGF-7), leading to the induction and extension of the anagen phase in the hair cycle. Those effects were also associated with the alleviation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cellular senescence, or apoptosis, and the downregulation of male hormones and their receptors, preventing the entry into the telogen phase in the hair cycle. Several active plant extracts and phytochemicals stimulated the signaling pathways mediated by protein kinase B (PKB, also called AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), Wingless and Int-1 (WNT), or sonic hedgehog (SHH), while suppressing other cell signaling pathways mediated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Thus, well-selected plant extracts and their active compounds can have beneficial effects on hair health. It is proposed that the discovery of phytochemicals targeting the aforementioned cellular events and cell signaling pathways will facilitate the development of new targeted therapies for alopecia.

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“…Although medication and hair transplantation are the mainstay treatments for hair loss (5)(6)(7), their effectiveness is limited. Medication works for certain patients only (8,9) and may cause adverse effects, such as erectile dysfunction, skin rash, and itching (10)(11)(12)(13). Hair transplantation, on the other hand, is hindered by the availability of donor hair grafts (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The homing of exogenous hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells into hair follicle niches

Li,

Liu,

et al. 2023

JCI Insight

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Hair loss is a debilitating condition associated with the depletion of dermal papilla cells (DPCs), which can be replenished by dermal sheath cells (DSCs). Hence, strategies aimed at increasing the populations of DPCs and DSCs hold promise for the treatment of hair loss. In this study, we demonstrated in mice that introduced exogenous DPCs and DSCs (hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells) could effectively migrate and integrate into the dermal papilla and dermal sheath niches, leading to enhanced hair growth and prolonged anagen phases. However, the homing rates of DPCs and DSCs were influenced by various factors, including recipient mouse depilation, cell passage number, cell dose, and immune rejection. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we also discovered that the CXCL13/CXCR5 pathway mediated the homing of DPCs and DSCs into hair follicle niches. This study underscores the potential of cell-based therapies for hair loss by targeted delivery of DPCs and DSCs to their respective niches and sheds light on the intriguing concept that isolated mesenchymal stem cells can home back to their original niche microenvironment.

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Comprehensive review of oral minoxidil in alopecia

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review

Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review

Can Plant Extracts Help Prevent Hair Loss or Promote Hair Growth? A Review Comparing Their Therapeutic Efficacies, Phytochemical Components, and Modulatory Targets

The homing of exogenous hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells into hair follicle niches

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