Comprehensive review on effective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid

Khan, Muhammad Ayub; Dharmalingam, Babu; Chuetor, Santi; Cheng, Yu-Shen; Sriariyanun, Malinee

doi:10.1007/s13399-023-04663-2

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The total lignin level was substantially higher than that previously reported, whereas the glucan and xylan quantities were comparable [20]. Variations in the composition of lignocellulosic biomass were attributed to factors such as growing circumstances, diverse sources, harvesting season/stage, and other associated variables [4,39,40]. Nevertheless, T. latifolia had a lower lignin content than both switchgrass (31.2%) and eucalyptus (29.4%) [41], and several agricultural wastes, such as sorghum straw (30.4%) [39], cotton stalk (30.0%), and walnut shell (37.5%) [1].…”

Section: Characterization Of T Latifolia Biomassmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Variations in the composition of lignocellulosic biomass were attributed to factors such as growing circumstances, diverse sources, harvesting season/stage, and other associated variables [4,39,40]. Nevertheless, T. latifolia had a lower lignin content than both switchgrass (31.2%) and eucalyptus (29.4%) [41], and several agricultural wastes, such as sorghum straw (30.4%) [39], cotton stalk (30.0%), and walnut shell (37.5%) [1]. Additionally, the total carbohydrates (62.4 ± 0.7%) in the T. latifolia biomass were higher than those of lignocellulosic materials such as banana pseudostems (51.5%) [42], bean straw (55.0%) [43], switchgrass (56.8%) [44], olive tree (57.8%) [45], and sugar cane (60.7%) [46], which are promoted as feedstock to produce biofuels.…”

Section: Characterization Of T Latifolia Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphoric Acid Pre-treatment Improves Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Weedy Biomass (<em>Thysanolaena latifolia</em>) for Bioethanol Production

Wongleang,

Premjet,

Premjet

2024

Preprint

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Lignocellulosic biomass has garnered attention as an abundant and sustainable alternative energy source that can facilitate reliable and environmentally friendly energy generation. Energy security improves, and environmental impacts diminish when bioethanol, a biofuel produced via lignocellulose-based processes, is utilized. The lignocellulosic biomass of Thysanolaena latifolia has considerable potential as a bioethanol feedstock due to its high carbohydrate content (62.4 ± 0.7%). In this study, feedstock derived from T. latifolia was pretreated with various concentrations of H3PO4 to determine the ideal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis to convert the feedstock to fermentable sugar. The findings revealed that hydrolysis efficiency and glucose recovery yields were substantially improved compared to those of the untreated sample. Pretreated samples were enzymatically digested to produce a liquid hydrolysate. This hydrolysate was fermented without detoxification using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5339 to produce ethanol. The results indicated that T. latifolia biomass hydrolysate is a promising long-term carbon source for ethanol production from cellulosic biomass. Furthermore, the morphological and crystallographic characteristics of the treated T. latifolia biomass were influenced by H3PO4 concentration, as indicated by the SEM images, X-ray diffractogram patterns, and crystallinity index values. Therefore, utilizing T. latifolia feedstock to produce bioethanol can enhance bioenergy sustainability.

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Section: Characterization Of T Latifolia Biomassmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Characterization Of T Latifolia Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphoric Acid Pre-treatment Improves Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Weedy Biomass (<em>Thysanolaena latifolia</em>) for Bioethanol Production

Wongleang,

Premjet,

Premjet

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Furthermore, furfural can be modified through various reactions, such as reduction, hydrodeoxygenation, reductive amination, decarbonylation, and oxidation reactions [10]. Levulinic acid (4-oxopentanoic acid) is a ketoacid currently obtained with high yields from the acid hydrolysis of C5 and C6 (pentoses and hexoses) sugars present in the biomass [11]. It is widely used in chemical industries because it can be transformed into various products, such as solvents, biodegradable plastics, food additives, and as an intermediate in synthesizing pharmaceutical products [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most used levulinic acid (LA) derivative is aminolevulinic acid, a biodegradable herbicide used in Asia [13]. Other high-value-added compounds obtained from LA are γ-valerolactone (GVL) and 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (MTHF), which are green solvents, and methyl levulinate (ML), a promising fuel bioadditive [11,[14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Furfural and Levulinic Acid: Synthesis of Platform Molecules from Keggin Heteropolyacid-Catalyzed Biomass Conversion Reactions

da Silva,

Rodrigues,

Batalha

2024

Reactions

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Among the different polyoxometalate compounds, Keggin heteropolyacids have been extensively used as catalysts in several acid-catalyzed reactions, due to their strong strength of Bronsted acidity. These metal–oxygen clusters have a highly versatile structure that allows their conversion to derivatives, which are catalysts that are much more efficient than their precursors, with a greater catalytic activity in a plethora of reactions of industrial interest. Particularly, due to the inevitable exhaustion of fossil sources, reactions to valorize biomass have attracted significant attention, since it is a precious renewable raw material that can provide fine chemicals or fuels, minimizing our dependence on petroproducts. Biorefinery processes can produce platform molecules to achieve this goal. In this review, the recent advances achieved in the development of routes to converting biomass feedstocks to levulinic acid and furfural, which are valuable ingredients in biorefinery processes, using Keggin heteropolyacid catalysts were assessed.

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“…The growth of LA production is allowing the progressive reduction of its manufacturing costs, thus favoring the research and development of new added-value bio-products derived from its supply-chain. At the state of the art, many technological improvements have been made by GF Biochemicals [ 3 ] to lower the LA production costs, aiming at a target of USD 1/kg, which is highly competitive in the market [ 4 ]. One of the most important added-value LA derivatives is 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid, also named diphenolic acid (DPA), for which the main physico-chemical properties are reported in Table 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities in the Catalytic Synthesis of Diphenolic Acid and Evaluation of Its Application Potential

Fulignati,

Di Fidio,

Antonetti

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Diphenolic acid, or 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid, represents one of the potentially most interesting bio-products obtainable from the levulinic acid supply-chain. It represents a valuable candidate for the replacement of bisphenol A, which is strongly questioned for its toxicological issues. Diphenolic acid synthesis involves the condensation reaction between phenol and levulinic acid and requires the presence of a Brønsted acid as a catalyst. In this review, the state of the art related to the catalytic issues of its synthesis have been critically discussed, with particular attention to the heterogeneous systems, the reference benchmark being represented by the homogeneous acids. The main opportunities in the field of heterogeneous catalysis are deeply discussed, as well as the bottlenecks to be overcome to facilitate diphenolic acid production on an industrial scale. The regioselectivity of the reaction is a critical point because only the p,p′-isomer is of industrial interest; thus, several strategies aiming at the improvement of the selectivity towards this isomer are considered. The future potential of adopting alkyl levulinates, instead of levulinic acid, as starting materials for the synthesis of new classes of biopolymers, such as new epoxy and phenolic resins and polycarbonates, is also briefly considered.

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Comprehensive review on effective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid

Cited by 12 publications

References 82 publications

Phosphoric Acid Pre-treatment Improves Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Weedy Biomass (<em>Thysanolaena latifolia</em>) for Bioethanol Production

Phosphoric Acid Pre-treatment Improves Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Weedy Biomass (<em>Thysanolaena latifolia</em>) for Bioethanol Production

Furfural and Levulinic Acid: Synthesis of Platform Molecules from Keggin Heteropolyacid-Catalyzed Biomass Conversion Reactions

Challenges and Opportunities in the Catalytic Synthesis of Diphenolic Acid and Evaluation of Its Application Potential

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