Comprehensive review on the strategies for controlling the interconnection of AC and DC microgrids

Zolfaghari, Mahdi; Gharehpetian, Gevork B.; Shafie‐khah, Miadreza; Catalão, João P.S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107742

Cited by 79 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Furthermore, due to the lack of reactive power, DC microgrids are more compatible with integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) and provide superior stability. ere are three forms of DC microgrids described in the literature [122][123][124]: monopolar, bipolar, and homopolar.…”

Section: Microgridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Management Systems Using Smart Grids: An Exhaustive Parametric Comprehensive Analysis of Existing Trends, Significance, Opportunities, and Challenges

Khan

Shahid

Alam

et al. 2022

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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The integration of widely fluctuating distributed generation (such as photovoltaic panels, wind power, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems) puts the stability of power technologies and distribution structures in jeopardy. However, the fundamental reason is that the electrical supply and demand ratio may not be balanced. An excess or scarcity of electricity in the production or consumption of energy can disrupt the system and cause serious difficulties such as voltage drops/rises and, in extreme cases, power outages. Energy management systems can efficiently increase the balance between supply and demand while reducing peak load during unscheduled periods. The energy management system can handle distributing or exchanging energy among the many energy resources available and economically supplying loads in a stable, safe, and effective manner under all power grid operating situations. This article examines the energy control system’s structure, goals, benefits, and challenges through an in-depth investigation of the various stakeholders and participants involved in this system. This review provides a detailed essential analysis of the operation of several programs used inside the power management system, such as demand response, demand management, and energy quality management. It also includes a summary of the smart grid’s functionalities, features, and related techniques and has discovered research gaps, challenges, and issues. Furthermore, in this article, the authors review the literature on the enabling technologies of smart grid and investigate the energy management system, which is among one of the major emerging technologies and quantifications of the various uncertainty techniques. In this paper, the authors also discussed the comprehensive review of researchers’ efforts and contributions to the smart energy management system in the smart grid. It also compares and evaluates the key optimization approaches utilized to achieve the remarkable aims of energy management structures while also fulfilling a variety of constraints. This comprehensive review will be very beneficial for the new researchers, and it would be a great contribution to the research community.

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Section: Microgridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Management Systems Using Smart Grids: An Exhaustive Parametric Comprehensive Analysis of Existing Trends, Significance, Opportunities, and Challenges

Khan

Shahid

Alam

et al. 2022

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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“…Microgrids are either created as an AC network or a DC network and because loads demand both AC and DC power, several steps of power conversion from AC to DC or vice versa are necessary to fulfill the load supply requirements. Using several power electronic converters is a pricey technique that also causes harmonic interactions in the system, as well as difficulties with efficiency and reliability [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation and Control of a Quasi Z-source Converter in a Renewable Hybrid Microgrid

Timo¹,

Megahed²,

Shoyama³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

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The power sharing need and operational reliability of a renewable hybrid microgrid are addressed in this study. A hybrid microgrid allows for the flexible incorporation of renewable energy sources, overcoming the limitations of AC and DC microgrids in terms of conversion losses and efficiency. To ensure optimal system performance, an interlinking converter (IC) is necessary for the seamless transmission of electric power between the two subgrids while keeping a stable DC bus voltage and appropriate AC sub-grid frequency. In this study, a Quasi Zsource converter (qZSC) with integrated boost capability is introduced as an IC in a PV-Wind based hybrid microgrid. Also, an adaptive dual loop based-PI (ADL-PI) control is proposed which maintains a constant peak DC-link voltage and supports maximum power point tracking while improving the system's overall stability. The proposed system and control approach are assessed using MATLAB/Simulink, and the results indicate its efficacy under various scenarios.

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“…The DC microgrid emerged due to the integration of DC distributed energy resources (DERs), installation of battery storage systems (BSSs) and growing use of DC loads (Ahmed et al, 2020). In addition, there has been a recent increase in research interest in it, mostly because of its high transmission efficiency and good quality, requiring few power conversion stages and no reactive power (Zolfaghari et al, 2022). However, the DC microgrid utilizes numerous power electronic devices to interface energy sources and consumers, resulting in low inertia, particularly when operated independently of the primary power grid (Holari et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage monitoring based on ANN-aided nonlinear stability analysis for DC microgrids

Sun

Tang²,

Hailati³

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Due to the low inertia of the DC microgrid, the DC bus voltage is prone to drop or oscillate under disturbance. It is also challenging to supervise the stability of a DC microgrid since it is a highly nonlinear dynamic system with high dimensionality and randomness. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a new method using ANN-aided nonlinear dynamic stability analysis for monitoring the DC bus voltage, which is combined with two steps. The first step is to establish six corresponding nonlinear accurate discrete iterative models of six switching modes of the PV-battery-load-based DC microgrid system, based on the Poincaré map theory, in order to judge the stability quantitatively with a promoted stability margin index. The second step is to use artificial neural networks (ANNs) to forecast the operating mode of the system when random changes occur in environmental circumstances and load power; this will aid the first step in being efficient and adaptable while determining stability cases. And the employed ANNs are trained with the datasets, including the circuit data, ambient temperature, irradiance, and load power, which are generated by MATLAB/Simulink simulation. Theoretical and simulation analyses are carried out under different operating conditions to validate the proposed method’s efficacy in judging the DC microgrid’s destabilizing oscillation and stable running.

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Comprehensive review on the strategies for controlling the interconnection of AC and DC microgrids

Cited by 79 publications

References 113 publications

Energy Management Systems Using Smart Grids: An Exhaustive Parametric Comprehensive Analysis of Existing Trends, Significance, Opportunities, and Challenges

Energy Management Systems Using Smart Grids: An Exhaustive Parametric Comprehensive Analysis of Existing Trends, Significance, Opportunities, and Challenges

Operation and Control of a Quasi Z-source Converter in a Renewable Hybrid Microgrid

Voltage monitoring based on ANN-aided nonlinear stability analysis for DC microgrids

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