Comprehensive source rock evaluation of the Kazhdumi Formation, in the Iranian Zagros Foldbelt and adjacent offshore

Sfidari, Ebrahim; Zamanzadeh, Seyed Mohammad; Dashti, Ali; Opera, Ali; Tavakkol, Mohammad Hassan

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.12.011

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…6). These heat flow values are similar to those reported in the NW Persian Gulf and adjacent onshore areas in Iran (Opera et al, 2013;Zeinalzadeh et al, 2015;Baniasad et al, 2016;Sfidari et al, 2016), Iraq (Pitman et al, 2004;Abeed et al, 2013) and Kuwait (Abdullah et al, 1997).…”

Section: Heat Flow Variationssupporting

confidence: 85%

Burial, Temperature and Maturation History of Cretaceous Source Rocks in the Nw Persian Gulf, Offshore Sw Iran: 3d Basin Modelling

Baniasad

Sachse

Littke

et al. 2019

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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This study presents a 3D numerical model of a study area in the NW part of the Persian Gulf, offshore SW Iran. The purpose is to investigate the burial and thermal history of the region from the Cretaceous to the present day, and to investigate the location of hydrocarbon generating kitchens and the relative timing of hydrocarbon generation/migration versus trap formation. The study area covers about 20,000 km2 and incorporates part of the intra‐shelf Garau‐Gotnia Basin and the adjacent Surmeh‐Hith carbonate platform. A conceptual model was developed based on the interpretation of 2700 km of 2D seismic lines, and depth and thickness maps were created tied to data from 20 wells. The thermal model was calibrated using bottom‐hole temperature and vitrinite reflectance data from ten wells, taking into account the main phases of erosion/non‐deposition and the variable temporal and spatial heat flow histories. Estimates of eroded thicknesses and the determination of heat‐flow values were performed by burial and thermal history reconstruction at various well and pseudo‐well locations. Burial, temperature and maturation histories are presented for four of these locations. Detailed modelling results for Neocomian and Albian source rock successions are provided for six locations in the intra‐shelf basin and the adjacent carbonate platform. Changes in sediment supply and depocentre migration through time were analyzed based on isopach maps representing four stratigraphic intervals between the Tithonian and the Recent. Backstripping at various locations indicates variable tectonic subsidence and emergence at different time periods. The modelling results suggest that the convergence between the Eurasian and Arabian Plates which resulted in the Zagros orogeny has significantly influenced the burial and thermal evolution of the region. Burial depths are greatest in the study area in the Binak Trough and Northern Depression. These depocentres host the main kitchen areas for hydrocarbon generation, and the organic‐rich Neocomian and Albian source rock successions have been buried sufficiently deeply to be thermally mature. Early oil window maturities for these successions were reached between the Late Cretaceous (90 Ma) and the early Miocene (18 Ma) at different locations, and hydrocarbon generation may continue at the present‐day.

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Section: Heat Flow Variationssupporting

confidence: 85%

Burial, Temperature and Maturation History of Cretaceous Source Rocks in the Nw Persian Gulf, Offshore Sw Iran: 3d Basin Modelling

Baniasad

Sachse

Littke

et al. 2019

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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“…Organic matter richness is determined by the total organic carbon (TOC), pyrolysis parameters (S 1 +S 2 value), chloroform bitumen A, HC, and the HI index (Li et al, 2006;Xue et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2013). According to Akande (2012), a TOC value of 0.5 wt.% is considered the minimum value for an effective source rock (Sfidari et al, 2016). Katz et al (2000) concluded that the abundance of hydrocarbons in shale and limestone are similar, but the organic carbon contents of carbonate rocks are significantly lower than those of shale.…”

Section: Organic Matter Quality and Source Rock Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plot of TOC versus HI for samples from the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation and the Late Triassic Maantang and Xiaotangzi formations(Sfidari et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Natural Gas Origin of Middle–Late Triassic Marine Source Rocks of the Western Sichuan Depression, SW China

Sun

Luo

Qing

et al. 2020

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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A scientific exploration well (CK1) was drilled to expand the oil/gas production in the western Sichuan depression, SW, China. Seventy‐three core samples and four natural gas samples from the Middle–Late Triassic strata were analyzed to determine the paleo‐depositional setting and the abundance of organic matter (OM) and to evaluate the hydrocarbon‐generation process and potential. This information was then used to identify the origin of the natural gas. The OM is characterized by medium n‐alkanes (nC15–nC19), low pristane/phytane and terrigenous aquatic ratios (TAR), a carbon preference index (CPI) of ∼1, regular steranes with C29 > C27 > C28, gammacerane/C30hopane ratios of 0.15–0.32, and δDorg of −132‰ to −58‰, suggesting a marine algal/phytoplankton source with terrestrial input deposited in a reducing–transitional saline/marine sedimentary environment. Based on the TOC, HI index, and chloroform bitumen “A,” the algal‐rich dolomites of the Leikoupo Formation are fair–good source rocks; the grey limestones of the Maantang Formation are fair source rocks; and the shales of the Xiaotangzi Formation are moderately good source rocks. In addition, maceral and carbon isotopes indicate that the kerogen of the Leikoupo and Maantang formations is type II and that of the Xiaotangzi Formation is type II–III. The maturity parameters and the hopane and sterane isomerization suggest that the OM was advanced mature and produced wet–dry gases. One‐dimensional modeling of the thermal‐burial history suggests that hydrocarbon‐generation occurred at 220–60 Ma. The gas components and C–H–He–Ar–Ne isotopes indicate that the oil‐associated gases were generated in the Leikoupo and Maantang formations, and then, they mixed with gases from the Xiaotangzi Formation, which were probably contributed by the underlying Permian marine source rocks. Therefore, the deeply‐buried Middle–Late Triassic marine source rocks in the western Sichuan depression and in similar basins have a great significant hydrocarbon potential.

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“…Zagros foreland sediments and surrounding basins in the Middle East are host to some of the world's greatest oil and gas accumulations [1][2][3]. The conditions that facilitated the formation of oil and gas traps in this region include extensive folding along the Zagros Orogeny and a lack of metamorphic activities [4][5][6][7][8]. The Abadan Plain Basin, located at the north-western corner of the Persian Gulf (Figure 1), is one of the most prolific hydrocarbon basins in this region and is also one of the first regions in the Middle East from which oil was commercially produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Abadan Plain Basin: A Geological Review of a Prolific Middle Eastern Hydrocarbon Province

2018

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The Abadan Plain Basin is located in the Middle East region which is host to some of the world’s largest oil and gas fields around the Persian Gulf. This basin is a foredeep basin to the southwest of the Zagros Fold-Thrust-Belt, bounded along its northern and eastern margins by the Dezful Embayment. Most of the rocks in this basin have been deposited in a carbonate environment, and existing fractures have made the formations a favourable place for hydrocarbon accumulations. The basin is enriched by oil and, therefore, gas reservoirs are few, and some of the explored reservoirs exhibit significant degrees of overpressure. This paper has compiled several aspects of the Abadan Plain Basin tectonics, structural geology and petroleum systems to provide a better understanding of the opportunities and risks of development activities in this region. In addition to the existing knowledge, this paper provides a basin-wide examination of pore pressure, vertical stress, temperature gradient, and wellbore stability issues.

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Comprehensive source rock evaluation of the Kazhdumi Formation, in the Iranian Zagros Foldbelt and adjacent offshore

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Burial, Temperature and Maturation History of Cretaceous Source Rocks in the Nw Persian Gulf, Offshore Sw Iran: 3d Basin Modelling

Burial, Temperature and Maturation History of Cretaceous Source Rocks in the Nw Persian Gulf, Offshore Sw Iran: 3d Basin Modelling

Characteristics and Natural Gas Origin of Middle–Late Triassic Marine Source Rocks of the Western Sichuan Depression, SW China

Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Abadan Plain Basin: A Geological Review of a Prolific Middle Eastern Hydrocarbon Province

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