Comprehensive study of allergenic tree species: Palynological insights enhanced by HPLC and GC–MS profiling

Abstract

Considering the limited data available on tree species in Uzbekistan, this research aimed to provide new insights. We gathered plant samples from different locations within Samarkand city and thoughtfully selected 15 tree species that represent the country’s flora. Using scanning electron microscopy, we conducted comprehensive analyses of pollen morphology, revealing a diverse range of variations in the shapes, dimensions, and surface characteristics displayed by pollen grains. Distinct ornamentations such as micro‐echinate, reticulate, rugulate, gemmate–verrucate, and verrucate–scabrate patterns facilitated the differentiation of species. These scanning electron microscopy findings enhance our comprehension of tree species diversity, adaptation, and ecological roles. In addition, leaf extracts were analyzed using HPLC and GC–MS, revealing a plethora of bioactive compounds, including catechins, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, and others. Furthermore, GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of seven key compounds, including 1‐hexadecyne, 2‐chloroethanol, 1,6‐heptadiene, 2‐methyl‐, 5‐bromoadamantan‐2‐one, ethyl 3‐(3‐pyridyl) propenoate, bis (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, and quercetin. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of this method in assessing the quality of leaf extracts from tree species by examining both microscopic characteristics and chemical composition. This multifaceted approach has deepened our understanding of the characteristics and chemical compositions of these trees, thus contributing to a more profound appreciation of their ecological significance and potential applications.

Chromatographic authentication of botanical origin: Herbaceous pollen profiling with HPLC, HPTLC and GC–MS analysis

“…Several chromatographic methods have been devised and employed for separating phenolic compounds in bee pollen. The oxidation reaction of flavonoids is closely tied to their structure, characterized by multiple free phenolic hydroxyl groups, particularly ortho-phenolic hydroxyl groups, as emphasized by Kaškonienė et al (2015) and Zamira et al (2024).…”

Biological, physiological and economic characteristics of Onobrychis chorasanica Bunge ex Bois. (Sainfoin) under sowing conditions

“…In addition to being a component of biological diversity in nature, plants serve as a source of food, medicine, textiles and building materials for mankind (1,2). Also, there are plant species that are harmful to human health plants (3,4). Research work on the cultivation of Sainfoin Onobrychis chorasanica Bunge ex Bois.…”