Comprehensive Study on Enteric Viruses and Indicators in Surface Water in Kyoto, Japan, During 2014–2015 Season

Hata, Akihiko; Hanamoto, Seiya; Ihara, Masaru; Shirasaka, Yuya; Yamashita, Naoyuki; Tanaka, Hiroaki

doi:10.1007/s12560-018-9355-3

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…For example, NoVs often occur at high concentrations during the winter, while in contrast, HAdVs are detectable year‐round (Haramoto et al ), and sometimes, at higher concentrations in the dry season (Tao et al ). In this study, the most prevalent genotype was NoV GII in freshwater, which is consistent with results from previous studies (Wyn‐Jones et al ; Hata et al ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In water environments the GI.2 genotype has been reported from tropical urban surface (Aw et al ), and recreational waters (Wyn‐Jones et al ) worldwide; whereas the GII.4 NoV genotype is among the genotypes most often associated with human clinical samples (Kazama et al ). By comparison, in water samples from the YP in Mexico, the NoV GII.P17 genotype, an emergent genotype that originated from Asia (Hata et al, ) was the most abundant. To our knowledge this constitutes the first report of NoV GII.P17 identification in water environments in Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Norovirus and human adenovirus occurrence and diversity in recreational water in a karst aquifer in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Rosiles‐González¹,

Ávila‐Torres²,

Moreno‐Valenzuela

et al. 2019

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims To determine the seasonal occurrence and diversity of norovirus (NoV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) in groundwater from sinkholes, and brackish water used for recreational activities in the karst aquifer of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Methods and results Hollow fibre ultrafiltration was used to concentrate viruses and standard plaque assay methods were used to enumerate somatic and F+ specific coliphages as viral indicators. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to estimate the number of genome copies for NoV strains GI, and GII, and HAdVs. The predominant NoV genotypes and HAdV serotypes were identified by comparative sequence analysis. Somatic and male F+ specific coliphages were detected at concentrations up to 94 and 60 plaque‐forming units per 100 ml respectively. The NoV genogroup I (GI) was associated with 50% of the sampled sites during the rainy season only, at concentrations ranging from 120 to 1600 genome copies per litre (GC l−1). The NoV genogroup II (GII) was detected in 30 and 40% of the sampled sites during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, at concentrations ranging from 10 to 290 GC l−1. During the rainy and dry seasons, HAdVs were detected in 20% of the sites, at concentrations ranging from 24 to 690 GC l−1. Identification of viral types revealed the presence of NoV GI.2, GII.Pe, GII.P16 and GII.P17, and HAdV F serotypes 40 and 41. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that NoVs and HAdVs are prevalent as virus contaminants in the karst aquifer, representing potential health risks particularly during the rainy season, in one of the most important areas used for tourism in Mexico. Significance and Impact of the Study This is one of the few studies conducted in karst aquifers that provide a foundational baseline of the distribution, concentrations and diversity of NoVs and HadVs in these particular environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Norovirus and human adenovirus occurrence and diversity in recreational water in a karst aquifer in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Rosiles‐González¹,

Ávila‐Torres²,

Moreno‐Valenzuela

et al. 2019

J Appl Microbiol

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“…Hata et al (2014), investigating the effects of rainfall events and water quality on viral occurrence, detected AiV in all the tested samples with relatively higher frequency of detection and concentration (ranging from 1.2 9 10 6 to 8.3 9 10 8 copies/L) than other enteric viruses. More recently, the same authors detected AiV in 20 out of 50 surface water samples in Japan (Hata et al 2018).…”

Section: River Water and Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 89%

A Comprehensive Review on Human Aichi Virus

Rivadulla

Romalde

2020

Virol. Sin.

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Although norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus and Astrovirus are considered the most important viral agents transmitted by food and water, in recent years other viruses, such as Aichi virus (AiV), have emerged as responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks associated with different foods. AiV belongs to the genus Kobuvirus of the family Picornaviridae. It is a virus with icosahedral morphology that presents a single stranded RNA genome with positive sense (8280 nucleotides) and a poly (A) chain. AiV was first detected from clinical samples and in recent years has been involved in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks from different world regions. Furthermore, several studies conducted in Japan, Germany, France, Tunisia and Spain showed a high prevalence of AiV antibodies in adults (between 80% and 99%), which is indicative of a large exposure to this virus. The aim of this review is to bring together all the discovered information about the emerging pathogen human Aichi virus (AiV), discussing the possibles routes of transmission, new detection techniques and future research. Although AiV is responsible for a low percentage of gastroenteritis outbreaks, the high seroprevalence shown by human populations indicates an evident role as an enteric agent. The low percentage of AiV detection could be explained by the fact that the pathogen is more associated to subclinical infections. Further studies will be needed to clarify the real impact of AiV in human health and its importance as a causative gastroenteritis agent worldwide.

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“…norovirus outbreaks occurred (7,8). From a public health perspective, there is a concern that untreated wastewater can spread these viruses to other humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

UV Inactivation of Rotavirus and Tulane Virus Targets Different Components of the Virions

Araud

Fuzawa

Shisler

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Enteric viruses are shed in fecal material by humans and other animals and are common contaminants in wastewater and surface water. Wastewater treatment plants often disinfect this effluent with low-pressure and medium-pressure UV lamps, which emit 254-nm and 220- to 280-nm irradiation, respectively. It is not known whether this treatment is efficacious against enteric viruses or how such treatments may inactivate these enteric viruses. This study examined UV disinfection for two enteric viruses: rotavirus (RV) (strain OSU with double-stranded RNA and a three-layer capsid) and Tulane virus (TV) (a cultivable surrogate for human norovirus with single-stranded RNA and a single-layer capsid). Viruses were treated with UV irradiation at 220 or 254 nm under conditions relevant to wastewater stabilization ponds, whose water is often used for irrigation. TV was susceptible to 220- or 254-nm UV at similar levels. It appears that UV irradiation inactivated TV by mutagenizing both its genome and capsid binding proteins. RV was more susceptible to UV at 220 nm than to UV at 254 nm. UV irradiation of RV at either 220 or 254 nm resulted in a virus that retained its ability to bind to its host cell receptor. After 220-nm treatment, the VP7 segment of the RV genome could not be amplified by PCR, suggesting that this treatment mutagenized the viral genome. However, this correlation was not observed when UV at 254 nm was used. Thus, RV and TV, with different genome and capsid contents, are targeted by UV irradiation in different ways. IMPORTANCE UV irradiation is becoming common for disinfection in water treatment plants, but little is known about the effectiveness of this treatment for enteric RNA viruses. Here, we observed that 220-nm UV irradiation was efficacious against rotavirus (RV) and Tulane virus (TV). UV irradiation at 254 nm inactivated TV to a greater extent than RV. Additional assays showed that UV irradiation compromised different portions of the RV and TV life cycles. UV irradiation decreased the binding of TV to its host receptor and mutagenized the TV genome. UV irradiation at 220 nm appeared to allow RV–host receptor interaction but halted RV genome replication. These findings provide knowledge about the disinfection of waterborne viruses, information that is important for the safe reuse or release of treated wastewater.

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Comprehensive Study on Enteric Viruses and Indicators in Surface Water in Kyoto, Japan, During 2014–2015 Season

Cited by 19 publications

References 57 publications

Norovirus and human adenovirus occurrence and diversity in recreational water in a karst aquifer in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Norovirus and human adenovirus occurrence and diversity in recreational water in a karst aquifer in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

A Comprehensive Review on Human Aichi Virus

UV Inactivation of Rotavirus and Tulane Virus Targets Different Components of the Virions

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