Comprehensive survey of routing protocols for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Rady, Asmaa; El-Rabaie, E L-Sayed M.; Shokair, Mona; Abdel-Salam, Nariman

doi:10.1002/dac.4942

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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Section: Discussion and Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distributed Clustering based protocols can improve heterogeneity and energy efficiency of WSN. Another open issue is designing the secure routing protocol using the encryption standards as referred by Rady et al 113 The major challenge in WSN design is maintaining the heterogeneity of the network nodes. If heterogeneity is more than network nodes are alive for longer time.…”

Section: Discussion and Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey on energy efficient dynamic sink optimum routing for wireless sensor network and communication technologies

Gupta

Singh

2022

Int J Communication

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) is frequently being used for increasing the data collection and monitoring critical parameters. Major challenge in WSN design is achieving the better energy efficiency and latency considering the dynamic sink location. Lots of research has been done for improving the performance of WSN systems in wide range of applications. Prime goal of this paper is to evaluate the performance of WSN routing under the grid-based dynamic sink locations. Later the performance of various existing critical protocols is compared to route data over centralized server. Various applications of WSNs are tabulated along with the sensor utilization. The paper contributed in three passes. Initial contribution of this research is to identify the issues and limitations of present WSN communication technologies. The paper contributed to present a case study to discover the implications of dynamic sink routing for building protocol to extend network's lifetime. The effectiveness of several clustering-based WSN routing algorithms is first compared in this paper. After that, the protocol with the longest network life is put to the test under a grid-based dynamic sink routing scenario. The significance of clustering-based protocols for improving lifetime of the network is evaluated as case study. The clustering-based energy efficient protocol like low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and its different variants, PEGASIS, SEP, DEC, their variants, and so on, are compared in this paper. Various performance metrics like network delays, throughput, latency, energy consumption and network lifetime are defined for studying routing protocols. Significance of dynamic sink locations performance is evaluated for Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (EDEEC) protocol. Overall paper covers and reviewed many critical design aspects for WSN networks.

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Section: Discussion and Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion and Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on energy efficient dynamic sink optimum routing for wireless sensor network and communication technologies

Gupta

Singh

2022

Int J Communication

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“…The research article authored by Rady et al [25] presented a detailed survey studying routing protocols utilized in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSN) and mainly emphasized the basics of operation and system architecture of the most intelligent-based and advanced routing protocols. The two research articles authored by Rady et al proposed a protocol that promotes energy efficiency for an only mobile sink node [26] and then considered both a mobile sink node and a mobile sensor node at the same time [27] in the network.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and Evaluation of IPv6 with Compression and Fragmentation for Throughput Improvement of Internet of Things Networks over IEEE 802.15.4

Haggag

2023

Wireless Pers Commun

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There is a large number of connected devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) networks that are typically several orders of magnitude bigger than enterprise networks and campus networks. The exponential increase in the number of interconnected smart devices is expected to exceed 60 billion smart objects shortly. The requirements needed for IoT networks are scalability, low power consumption, and simplified routing and security protocols. IoT networks are also heterogeneous, composing different types of networks together. Legacy network protocols like IPv4 has deemed to be inefficient for IoT networks. As the number of IPv4 addresses is almost consumed with regular network devices, we propose the use of IPv6 addressing for IoT-connected devices as IPv4 cannot accommodate the scalability requirement of IoT. IPv6 provides extended address space and enhanced mobility which are very essential for IoT networks. In this research, we apply IPv6 to IoT networks to avoid the scalability bottleneck of the IPv4 subnet. IPv6 accommodates a large number of connected devices and solves issues resulting from the heterogeneous nature and access methods of IoT devices. However, IPv6 is a large protocol that does not suit itself well in the IoT world. The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) permitted for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC data frames with their encapsulated IPv6 packet is limited to 127 bytes. We need 40 bytes for the uncompressed IPv6 header and 8 bytes are needed for the uncompressed UDP header. As a result, there are either 54 bytes left for the payload when security is not considered or 33 bytes when security is considered. We investigate throughput improvement for IoT networks by applying adaptation to IPv6 through header compression with UDP header compression. We also apply fragmentation for MAC frames that exceed the 127 bytes MTU limit. Simulation results showed that IPv6 compression with or without fragmentation serves toward adapting IPv6 packets to IoT networks. In the case of applying fragmentation, the technique of fragment forwarding greatly enhances the performance. Network traffic within the same network can be compressed to 2 bytes. On leaving the 802.15.4 network, the header increases to 12 bytes if the network prefix is known or to 20 bytes if the network prefix is unknown. Two evaluation metrics, namely, Compression Gain and Packet Delivery Ratio were applied to our proposed implementation method to prove the validity and the efficiency of our proposal.

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“…The most important purpose of routing a WSN is to provide highly efficient, continuous networks. Flat direction, hierarchical direction, and positional (location-based) direction are three possible classifications for the protocol based on the shape of the network [20][21][22]. The protocols used in WSNs are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Protocols Used In Wsnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks

ALRUBAYE

Myderrizi

2022

IJET

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Comprehensive survey of routing protocols for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 22 publications

References 87 publications

Survey on energy efficient dynamic sink optimum routing for wireless sensor network and communication technologies

Survey on energy efficient dynamic sink optimum routing for wireless sensor network and communication technologies

Implementation and Evaluation of IPv6 with Compression and Fragmentation for Throughput Improvement of Internet of Things Networks over IEEE 802.15.4

Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks

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