Comprehensive survey of ternary full adders: Statistics, corrections, and assessments

Abstract

The history of ternary adders goes back to more than 6 decades ago. Since then, a multitude of ternary full adders (TFAs) have been presented in the literature. This article conducts a review of TFAs so that one can be familiar with the utilised design methodologies and their prevalence. Moreover, despite numerous TFAs, almost none of them are in their simplest form. A large number of transistors could have been eliminated by considering a partial TFA instead of a complete one. According to our investigation, only 28.6% of the previous designs are partial TFAs. Also, they could have been simplified even further by assuming a partial TFA with an output carry voltage of 0 V or V DD . This way, in a single-V DD design, voltage division inside the Carry generator part would have been eliminated and less power dissipated. As far as we have searched, there are only three partial TFAs with this favourable condition in the literature. Additionally, most of the simulation setups in the previous articles are not realistic enough. Therefore, the simulation results reported in these papers are neither comparable nor entirely valid. Therefore, the authors got motivated to conduct a survey, elaborate on this issue, and enhance some of the previous designs. Among 84 papers, 10 different TFAs (from 11 papers) are selected, simplified, and simulated in this article. Simulation results by HSPICE and 32 nm carbon nanotube FET technology reveal that the simplified partial TFAs outperform their original versions in terms of delay, power, and transistor count. K E Y W O R D Sadders, carbon nanotube field effect transistors, digital arithmetic, multivalued logic, multivalued logic circuits, ternary logicThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Big data and predictive analytics: A systematic review of applications

“…Stage 3-Establishing the review protocol In line with the objectives of this SLR, the preceding stage involved the identification of research questions and the delineation of the review's scope to fine-tune search strings for literature extraction, as per (Brereton et al 2007). Additionally, a protocol was formulated by drawing inspiration from the approach outlined by Brereton, et al (Brereton et al 2007) and our past involvement in SLRs (Bazzaz Abkenar et al 2021Abkenar et al , 2023Khoshniat et al 2023;Songhorabadi et al 2023Songhorabadi et al , 2011Kashani and Mahdipour 2023;Nikravan and Haghi Kashani 2022;Sheikh Sofla et al 2022;Haghi Kashani et al 2021Ahmadi et al 2021;Rahimi et al 2020;Nemati et al 2023;Abkenar et al 2011;Kashani et al 2011). To evaluate the formulated protocol prior to its implementation, external expertise was enlisted from a specialist with proficiency in conducting SLRs within this specific domain.…”