Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with capillary flow modulation to separate FAME isomers

Chromatographic Methods in the Separation of Long-Chain Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

“…The results described in this paper show that, in GC × GC method using an apolar polydimethylsiloxane × polar ionic liquid column combination, an excellent resolution of unsaturated fatty acids complementary to GC-MS identification was achieved. Another work performed by Manzano and coauthors [144] confirmed that GC × GC system using an apparatus equipped with capillary flow technology and a FID has been satisfactorily used to separate a large number of fatty acids including the eight isomers of the linolenic acid and also the linoleic isomers. All examined fatty acids were obtained from broccoli leaves by use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE).…”

The Modern Art of Identification of Natural Substances in Whole Plants

“…(Ozel et al 2006), Origanum micranthum (Gogus et al 2005), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Ozel et al 2008), fresh and aged tea plant (Tranchida et al 2010) or roasted and unroasted fruit from Pistacia terebinthus (Gogus et al 2011). The other main family of natural compounds concerns fatty acids (de Geus et al 2001;Manzano et al 2011) and fatty alcohols as methyl derivatives (Manzano et al 2011). At last, polar metabolites (e.g., shikimic acid, citric acid, many sugars, etc.,) have been also analyzed as trimethylsilylated derivatives by GC × GC in a metabolomic study concerning Populous tremula (Jover et al 2005).…”

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry approach to study fatty acid profiles in fried potato crisps

“…Initial conditions selected were those employed in previous publications (Jimé nez et al, 2009;Manzano et al, 2011;Toribio et al, 2011), as they provided good results. The derivatization reagents were exactly the same as in the latter publications (KOH and BF 3 in methanol), and the oven temperature and derivatization time were varied in order to obtain optimal conditions.…”

“…The analytical technique most often employed to study FAs is gas chromatography (GC), with flame ionization (FID) usually selected for the identification of total fatty acids (Ferná ndez-San Juan, 2000; Kita et al, 2007;Lo Scalzo et al, 2007;Wagner et al, 2008); however, mass spectrometry (MS) detectors have been preferred to determine minority FAs (Hauff and Vetter, 2009;Jimé nez et al, 2009;Toribio et al, 2011;Zu et al, 2009), and nowadays the use of multidimensional gas chromatography is gaining in importance in this field (Hejazi et al, 2009;Herrero et al, 2009;Manzano et al, 2011). As a particular case, a reversedphase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection has also been used for FAs determination (Sanches-Silva et al, 2004).…”