Comprehensive two-dimensional GC for the analysis of citrus essential oils

Abstract

The lemon essential oil volatile fraction is considered one of the most complex amongst all citrus oils being traditionally determined by monodimensional GC. This conventional method, although providing important qualitative/ quantitative information, lacks the necessary resolving power for the separation of several critical compounds. In the past, this has been often accomplished through the employment of conventional multidimensional chromatographic methods, which can only achieve the characterization of single parts of a sample and whose analysis times are generally high. Comprehensive bidimensional gas chromatography (GC × × × × × GC) is gaining an excellent reputation for the separation of complex samples. This powerful analytical technique is characterized by both an enhanced resolving power and a great potential for the classification of unknowns through chromatographic retention patterns. In this research, these features are exploited in the analysis of a lemon essential oil.

Chemotaxonomy of Indonesian <i>Citrus maxima</i> based on Leaf Essential Oils

“…The composition of essential oils which comprised of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, ketons, alkanes and fatty acids was in accordance to Mondello et al (2005) who reported that Citrus essential oils had two components, the volatile and non volatile compounds. The volatile compounds were mainly consisted of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes with their oxygenated derivates, whereas the non volatile compounds were aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketons, acids and esters.…”

Phytochemistry, GC-MS Analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of Essential Oil From Five Citrus Species

“…and accumulated in secretory or epidermis cells and also sometimes in cavities (Ahmad, 2006). Essential oil from Citrus fruit peel is the fundamental product of genus Citrus and typically isolated by distillation or solvent extraction (Mondello et al, 2005). These are the complex mixtures of about 400 compounds of which 1-15% are non-volatile whereas 85-99% is the volatile constituents (Nannapaneni et al, 2009).…”

Adsorptive removal of catechol and resorcinol by orange flavedo (citrus sinensis): mechanisms based on the flavedo com-ponents d-limonene, carotenoids, ascorbates, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids

“…The outer layer of orange peel consists of numerous oil-containing cells from which an oil of limonene, other terpenes, linalool, and a resinous residue can be expressed [31]. The terpene, limonene, is probably the principal sensitizer of orange peels.…”