“…Some preliminary results have been analyzed (Yu et al, 2012;Yu et al, 2013;Wen et al, 2013aWen et al, , 2015Guo et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015). Also, many laboratory tests have been carried out to model the interaction between foundations and frozen ground and to measure certain thermal and mechanical parameters for foundation design and construction of the QTPTL (Lu and Tong, 2011;Ding et al, 2012;Li et al, 2013;Su et al, 2013;Wen et al, 2013b). In order to evaluate and predict the impacts of climate warming, thermosyphons and construction disturbances on the long-term stability of tower foundations, many numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the long-term heat transfer process between foundations and permafrost, the evolution of the thermal regime of the surrounding permafrost, and changes in deformation and stress of tower foundations Chen et al, 2013;Mu et al, 2014;Mu et al, 2015;Wen et al, 2015).…”