Compression of Polymer-Coated Laser-Fusion Targets to Ten Times Liquid DT Density

Auerbach, Jerome M.; Mead, W. C.; Campbell, E. M.; Matthews, Dennis L; Bailey, David; Hatcher, C. W.; Koppel, L. N.; Lane, Stephen M.; Lee, P. H Y; Manes, Kenneth R.; McClellan, G.; Phillion, D. W.; Price, Robert M.; Rupert, V. C.; Slivinsky, V.W.; Swift, C. D.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.44.1672

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…We estimate that effects of temperature and density gradients can introduce uncertainties of less than 50 % in our density inferences. '5 It is important to note that the values of 70, (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), deduced in the fitting procedure, are significantly smaller than those required to fit the spectra from previous experirnents.lO~l1 Before stagnation we find 70r > rO,, while at, and after, stagnation T,, s 7,,. One-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of these experiments indicate that close to stagnation a central region of about 25% of the Ar mass is sufficiently hot to populate the K-shell ions, while the remaining Ar has a temperature in the range 200 eV to 600 eV.15.16 Ionization balance calculations performed in this temperature range for densities greater than 4 g/cm3 indicate that the C-, B-, Be-, and Li-like ions share almost all the population and that the population of excited states becomes comparable to, or even exceeds, that for the ground states.…”

Section: B Time-resolved Spectroscopic Measurements Of High Densitymentioning

confidence: 76%

“…',* A complementary approach, relying on x-ray spectroscopy of high-Z gases (as total fill gas or as dopant), provides values of the electron density and temperature. [3][4][5][6] This technique has the added advantage that, with the inclusion of x-ray streak-camera technology, these parameters can be followed in time during the implosion. In addition to providing a valuable fusion diagnostic, this approach offers the opportunity to study the spectroscopy of many different highly stripped ions under extremely high-density conditions.…”

Section: B Time-resolved Spectroscopic Measurements Of High Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of high density in Ar-filled microballoon implosions

et al. 1989

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Section: B Time-resolved Spectroscopic Measurements Of High Densitymentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: B Time-resolved Spectroscopic Measurements Of High Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of high density in Ar-filled microballoon implosions

et al. 1989

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“…At LLNL, Auerbach et al 268 used the 20-beam, 4-kJ, 1-lm Shiva laser to implode DT-filled, polymer-coated glass shells with 200-ps pulses. Designed for indirect drive, the beams were clustered in rings at angles h of 9.7 and 17.7 from the vertical (z) axis.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

et al. 2015

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The direct-drive, laser-based approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is reviewed from its inception following the demonstration of the first laser to its implementation on the present generation of high-power lasers. The review focuses on the evolution of scientific understanding gained from target-physics experiments in many areas, identifying problems that were demonstrated and the solutions implemented. The review starts with the basic understanding of laser–plasma interactions that was obtained before the declassification of laser-induced compression in the early 1970s and continues with the compression experiments using infrared lasers in the late 1970s that produced thermonuclear neutrons. The problem of suprathermal electrons and the target preheat that they caused, associated with the infrared laser wavelength, led to lasers being built after 1980 to operate at shorter wavelengths, especially 0.35 μm—the third harmonic of the Nd:glass laser—and 0.248 μm (the KrF gas laser). The main physics areas relevant to direct drive are reviewed. The primary absorption mechanism at short wavelengths is classical inverse bremsstrahlung. Nonuniformities imprinted on the target by laser irradiation have been addressed by the development of a number of beam-smoothing techniques and imprint-mitigation strategies. The effects of hydrodynamic instabilities are mitigated by a combination of imprint reduction and target designs that minimize the instability growth rates. Several coronal plasma physics processes are reviewed. The two-plasmon–decay instability, stimulated Brillouin scattering (together with cross-beam energy transfer), and (possibly) stimulated Raman scattering are identified as potential concerns, placing constraints on the laser intensities used in target designs, while other processes (self-focusing and filamentation, the parametric decay instability, and magnetic fields), once considered important, are now of lesser concern for mainline direct-drive target concepts. Filamentation is largely suppressed by beam smoothing. Thermal transport modeling, important to the interpretation of experiments and to target design, has been found to be nonlocal in nature. Advances in shock timing and equation-of-state measurements relevant to direct-drive ICF are reported. Room-temperature implosions have provided an increased understanding of the importance of stability and uniformity. The evolution of cryogenic implosion capabilities, leading to an extensive series carried out on the 60-beam OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], is reviewed together with major advances in cryogenic target formation. A polar-drive concept has been developed that will enable direct-drive–ignition experiments to be performed on the National Ignition Facility [Haynam et al., Appl. Opt. 46(16), 3276 (2007)]. The advantages offered by the alternative approaches of fast ignition and shock ignition and the issues associated with these concepts are described. The lessons learned from target-physics and implosion experiments are taken into account in ignition and high-gain target designs for laser wavelengths of 1/3 μm and 1/4 μm. Substantial advances in direct-drive inertial fusion reactor concepts are reviewed. Overall, the progress in scientific understanding over the past five decades has been enormous, to the point that inertial fusion energy using direct drive shows significant promise as a future environmentally attractive energy source.

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“…These hydrogen isotopes can be recorded by the solid-state track detector CR-39. 2 The total number of "knockon" particles, Q, is related to 9 (1)…”

Section: Direct Measurement Of the Fuel Density-radius Product In Lasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Measurement of the Fuel Density-Radius Product in Laser-Fusion Experiments

et al. 1982

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Compression of Polymer-Coated Laser-Fusion Targets to Ten Times Liquid DT Density

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of high density in Ar-filled microballoon implosions

Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of high density in Ar-filled microballoon implosions

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

Direct Measurement of the Fuel Density-Radius Product in Laser-Fusion Experiments

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