Compressive behavior of Habesha eggshell particulate reinforced epoxy composites

Abstract

Environmental pollution has become one of the major challenges to overcome in recent decades. Disposing waste materials has caused great concern by creating a landfill burden and increased environmental pollution. Utilizing or recycling wastes is one of the approaches considered that could bring positive environmental and economic benefits. Eggshells are among the understated waste materials that have great potential to impact the material world. In the present work, Habesha eggshells native to Ethiopia are utilized to prepare epoxy based composites. Five types of composites by varying the Habesha eggshell content (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 vol%) are investigated. Physical characterization in terms of density and void content estimations, and eggshell particle size analysis are carried out. Mechanical characterization in terms of normal and quasi-static compression tests are performed. Results infer the density of eggshell particles to increase with increasing eggshell content, while quasi-static compression tests infer that modulus and strength of eggshell/epoxy composites are sensitive to variations in the strain rate. However, irrespective of the strain rates, all the eggshell/epoxy composites depict higher modulus as compared with neat epoxy specimens. At 1.43, 0.1, and 0.001 strain rates, increase in modulus of composites are in the range of 17%-57%, 3%-107%, 30%-114%, respectively. Further, compressive yield strength of all the Habesha eggshell/ epoxy composites is low compared with epoxy specimens for all the strain rates investigated. Scanning electron micrographs of test specimens for different loading conditions reveal reinforcing egg shell particles assists in absorbing the loading effectively.

Epoxy and Bio-Based Epoxy Carbon Fiber Twill Composites: Comparison of the Quasi-Static Properties

“…Thus, the replacement of thermoset matrices with renewable bio-based parts represents an effective solution for contributing to decarbonization goals. Other strategies to lower the environmental impact of materials consist of adding waste to the matrix as fillers [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Analytical modeling and experimental estimation of the dynamic mechanical characteristics of green composite: Caesalpinia decapetala seed reinforcement

“…The required amounts of epoxy resin and CD powder were mixed in a glass beaker using a glass rod by manual stirring. A magnetic stirrer was also used for 40 min to ensure even dispersion of the components 26 . To initiate the polymerization process, 10 wt% of hardener was added to the mixture, which was then filled into a steel mold coated with a silicone‐releasing agent, 27 as shown in Figure 2A.…”

“…A magnetic stirrer was also used for 40 min to ensure even dispersion of the components. 26 To initiate the polymerization process, 10 wt% of hardener was added to the mixture, which was then filled into a steel mold coated with a silicone-releasing agent, 27 as shown in Figure 2A. The samples were allowed to cure for 24 h before being carefully removed from the mold and the cast specimen is shown in Figure 2B.…”

Investigation of the effect of surface modification types on the tribological performance of cow bone powder reinforced polymer materials

“…The presence of these compounds improves the hardness and lubricity properties of the material as well as its strength 16 . It was reported in the literature that natural materials such as bone powder, mussel shells, and eggshells contain carbon, calcium, and/or silicon 13,17–19 . Sahin et al 20 investigated the mechanical and tribological properties of the material by reinforcing the polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with mussel shell powder at different concentrations.…”

“…16 It was reported in the literature that natural materials such as bone powder, mussel shells, and eggshells contain carbon, calcium, and/or silicon. 13,[17][18][19] Sahin et al 20 investigated the mechanical and tribological properties of the material by reinforcing the polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with mussel shell powder at different concentrations. According to the characterization results, mussel shell reinforcement increased the elastic modulus, strength, hardness, and wear resistance of PPS.…”