Compressive Behaviour of Closed-Cell Aluminium Foam at Different Strain Rates

Novak, Nejc; Vesenjak, Matej; Duarte, Isabel; Tanaka, Shigeru; Hokamoto, Kazuyuki; Krstulović‐Opara, Lovre; Guo, Baoqiao; Chen, Pengwan; Ren, Zoran

doi:10.3390/ma12244108

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The closed cell size test method is already used for the analysis of metallic foams [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The individual closed cell size is presented as D m [ 20 , 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static Mechanical Properties of Expanded Polypropylene Crushable Foam

et al. 2021

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Closed-cell expanded polypropylene (EPP) foam is commonly used in car bumpers for the purpose of absorbing energy impacts. Characterization of the foam’s mechanical properties at varying strain rates is essential for selecting the proper material used as a protective structure in dynamic loading application. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of loading strain rate, material density, and microstructure on compressive strength and energy absorption capacity for closed-cell polymeric foams. We performed quasi-static compressive strength tests with strain rates in the range of 0.2 to 25 mm/s, using a hydraulically controlled material testing system (MTS) for different foam densities in the range 20 g/dm3 to 220 g/dm3. The above tests were carried out as numerical simulation using ABAQUS software. The verification of the properties was carried out on the basis of experimental tests and simulations performed using the finite element method. The method of modelling the structure of the tested sample has an impact on the stress values. Experimental tests were performed for various loads and at various initial temperatures of the tested sample. We found that increasing both the strain rate of loading and foam density raised the compressive strength and energy absorption capacity. Increasing the ambient and tested sample temperature caused a decrease in compressive strength and energy absorption capacity. For the same foam density, differences in foam microstructures were causing differences in strength and energy absorption capacity when testing at the same loading strain rate. To sum up, tuning the microstructure of foams could be used to acquire desired global materials properties. Precise material description extends the possibility of using EPP foams in various applications.

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“…The closed cell size test method is already used for the analysis of metallic foams [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The individual closed cell size is presented as D m [ 20 , 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static Mechanical Properties of Expanded Polypropylene Crushable Foam

et al. 2021

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“…In recent years, metallic foams (MF)s have been used in many engineering fields as lightweight and protective structures due to their high strength properties and outstanding energy absorption capabilities [1][2][3]. Its widespread use in various industries encourages researchers and experts to study the mechanical aspects of these materials [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic Compressive Behavior of Metallic Foams under Extreme Temperature Conditions

et al. 2020

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Metallic foams find their applicability in complex systems that operate under both real-life conditions (Earth living conditions) and extreme temperature conditions (low or high temperatures). In this paper, the main mechanical properties of closed-cell aluminum alloy (A356) foams under quasi-static compression loading conditions were determined. In order to investigate the compressive behavior, three orthogonal directions (X, Y, and Z) and three testing temperatures (−196, 25 and 250 °C) were considered. It has been observed that the temperature significantly influences the strength properties and energy absorption performances of the aluminum metallic foams AMFs. Moreover, it was found that microstructural characteristics, such as intrinsic defects (intracellular cavities, micro-pores and thin cell-walls) and structural anisotropy (shape, size and orientation of cells), play a decisive role in the mechanical behavior of AMFs. Moreover, the paper compares the relative percentage change (relative percentage increase and decrease) of the main normalized compressive properties (yield stress, plateau stress, densification stress and the energy absorption) of AMF samples, according to testing temperature and loading direction.

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“…Closed-cell aluminum solid foam has been widely researched in terms of static and dynamic compression, e.g., [50,51]. Previous works have shown that cellular aluminum with closed cells is sensitive to the strain rate in compression [52,53]. Moreover, article [54] combines a discussion on strain rate sensitivity analysis and energy absorption in closedcell aluminum foams.…”

Section: The Proposition Of New Materials As Earthquake Damage Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Dissipative Materials for Damage Protection against Earthquake-Induced Structural Pounding

et al. 2021

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It is a common situation that seismic excitations may lead to collisions between adjacent civil engineering structures. This phenomenon, called earthquake-induced structural pounding, may result in serious damage or even the total collapse of the colliding structures. Filling the gap between two buildings erected close to one another by using visco-elastic materials can be considered to be one of the most effective methods to avoid seismic pounding. In this paper, a new polymer–metal composite material made of polyurethane and closed-cell aluminum foam is proposed as a pounding energy absorber for protection against earthquake hazards. The composite was created in two versions, with and without an adhesive interface. A series of experiments which reflect the conditions of seismic collision were performed: quasi-static compression, dynamic uniaxial compression and low-cycle dynamic compression with 10 loops of unloading at 10% strain. The composite material’s behavior was observed and compared with respect to uniform material specimens: polymer and metal foam. The experimental results showed that the maximum energy absorption efficiency in the case of the new material with the bonding layer was improved by 34% and 49% in quasi-static and dynamic conditions, respectively, in comparison to a sole polymer bumper. Furthermore, the newly proposed composites dissipated from 35% to 44% of the energy absorbed in the cyclic procedure, whereas the polymer specimen dissipated 25%. The capacity of the maintenance of the dissipative properties throughout the complete low-cycle loading was also satisfactory: it achieved an additional 100% to 300% of the energy dissipated in the first loading–unloading loop.

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Compressive Behaviour of Closed-Cell Aluminium Foam at Different Strain Rates

Cited by 34 publications

References 50 publications

Static Mechanical Properties of Expanded Polypropylene Crushable Foam

Static Mechanical Properties of Expanded Polypropylene Crushable Foam

Anisotropic Compressive Behavior of Metallic Foams under Extreme Temperature Conditions

Highly Dissipative Materials for Damage Protection against Earthquake-Induced Structural Pounding

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