Compressive strength and MoE of solid softwood at elevated temperatures

Probabilistic Models for Temperature-Dependent Compressive and Tensile Strengths of Timber

“…Of the 30 studies selected from the literature review, 13 provided experimental data at elevated temperatures on timber compressive strength (Goodrich et al 2010;Kollmann 1940Kollmann , 1951Manríquez Figueroa et al 2015;Dias De Moraes 2010, 2016;Sulzberger 1953;Wiesner et al 2021;Young and Clancy 2001;Zaben et al 2020); 10 on timber tensile strength (Do and Springer 1983;Frangi et al 2012;Klippel et al 2014;Kollmann and Schulz 1944;Kuronen et al 2021;Lau and Barrett 1997;Manríquez Figueroa 2008;Nielsen and Olesen 1982;Östman 1985;White et al 1993;White 1996;Yue et al 2021;Zelinka et al 2019); and seven on both compressive and tensile strengths (Glos and Henrici 1990;Khmelidze 1986;Knudson and Schniewind 1975;Nyman 1980;Rykov 1980;Schaffer 1973Schaffer , 1984. According to the publications for which information was available, data were obtained from experimental tests performed on clear specimens (Knudson and Schniewind 1975;Kollmann 1940;Manríquez Figueroa 2008;Manríquez Figueroa et al 2015;Dias De Moraes 2010, 2016;Nyman 1980;Östman 1985;Schaffer 1973Schaffer , 1984…”

“…Experimental data were limited above 100°C for specimens with initial moisture contents different from 9% to 12%, so limited observations could be made on the effect that different values of initial moisture content might have on timber strength above 100°C. However, some of the data from moist specimens showed an increase in timber compressive and tensile strengths from 100°C to reach a peak at around 150°C (Do and Springer 1983;Dias De Moraes 2010, 2016;Wiesner et al 2021;Zaben et al 2020).…”

“…Multiple published studies have provided experimental data on the reduction of timber strength at high temperatures. As indicated by Kuronen et al (2021), Manríquez Figueroa and Dias De Moraes (2016), Wiesner et al (2021), and Zaben et al (2020), this topic is of major concern, especially with the advent of mass timber construction. Recently, several sources have collated the experimental data reported in the literature (LaMalva and Hopkin 2021; Naser 2019), revealing a large variability among these.…”