Compressive strength of concrete with palm kernel shell as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate

Abstract

Shelter is a basic human need. Unfortunately, decent shelter for the masses; the poor have not materialized over the years. The cost of concrete materials in building and civil engineering project has been a concern to the society. These and other things led to the research on biological local materials that are dumped as waste in our environment, causing pollution and congestion as substitute materials. Therefore, this research work was carried out in respect to that and the research work was carried out to determine the use of palm kernel shell as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete taking into consideration the compressive strength and water absorption capacity. The following tests were carried out; visual test, sieve analysis, specific gravity test, slump test, water absorption test and compressive strength test. The result of water absorption and compressive strength shows that the water absorption capacity of palm kernel shell is normal compared to plain concrete and a replacement of 10% and 25% gave 4.78 N/mm 2 and 4.44 N/mm 2 compressive strengths respectively which cannot be used for light weight structure.

Prediction of chloride ingress for palm kernel shell concrete

“…The result implies that the concrete is stiff. The results are consistent with the submission of Azunna (2019) [27]…”

“…However, concrete cubes cured with 3% NaCl retained its compressive strength when exposed to the salt solution better than the samples in the 6% NaCl solution. The compressive strength results obtained in this research is in tandem with the result obtained by Azunna (2019) [27] and [3] for PKS concrete. Fig.…”

“…The permeability of PKS concrete is high when compared to normal concrete as reported by [27][28][29] leading to a decline in its durability when exposed to moisture. Therefore, the use of PKS in reinforced concrete structures may lead to early reinforcement corrosion in chloride environment.…”

The utilization of walnut shells as a partial replacement of sand in mortar mixes

“…Some researchers have used the agricultural wastes such as palm kernel shells, olive husk, date palm fibers, groundnut shells, and coconut kernel shells as aggregate in concrete and mortar mixtures. The results reveal that the use of these waste types tends to upgrade thermal properties and they can be used for low to moderate strength of non‐structural applications, as well 8–19 …”

Effect of Shear Reinforcement on Flexural Strengths of Normal Weight and Palm-Kernel Shell Reinforced Concrete Beams

“…Shafigh et al (2017, PP 04) investigated the use of Oil-palm-boiler clinker (OPBC) as coarse aggregate instead of conventional coarse aggregates to produce a greener concrete, for this purpose, normal weight coarse aggregates was substituted with dry OPBC aggregates up to 75% (by volume) in a high strength normal weight concrete. Azunna (2019), investigated the use of palm kernel shell as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. The results show that for a replacement of 10% and 25% of PKS gave 4.78 N/mm 2 and 4.44 N/mm 2 compressive strengths respectively.…”