“…At the end of the 1960s, Fama (1965Fama ( , 1970 structured the efficient market hypothesis, studying the random behavior of the price in different assets through the probabilistic tendency of its profitability, thus defining five characteristics that were jointly present in the markets: magnitude, depth, transparency, freedom, and flexibility. This hypothesis was contrasted by Mandelbrot (1972), who discourses on this, and who discovered that a historic financer retains a short-term memory, which possesses fractal characteristics and, therefore, must be studied through non-linear methodologies.…”