Compulsory vaccination and conscientious or philosophical exemptions: past, present, and future

Salmon, Daniel A.; Teret, Stephen P.; MacIntyre, C. Raina; Salisbury, David; Burgess, Margaret; Halsey, Neal A.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68144-0

Cited by 214 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The history of vaccination documents indeed that the path toward increasing degrees of diseases control, for instance in the case of smallpox, has not been "linear" but rather constellated by episodes of coverage upswing arising from the tension between public health targets and individual freedom, i.e. between compulsory vaccination and conscientious or philosophical exemption [11]. In very recent times the dramatic decline in coverage of the Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine (MMR) in the UK (CDR 2004) has been explained by the reaction of the public to the adverse publicity about possible links between the vaccine, autism, and Crohn's disease [15], similar to what happened few years before to the HBV coverage due to the "Thimerosal" case [6].…”

Section: Introduction and Main Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifurcation Thresholds in an SIR Model with Information-Dependent Vaccination

d’Onofrio

Manfredi

2007

Math. Model. Nat. Phenom.

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Abstract. Simple epidemiological models with information dependent vaccination functions can generate sustained oscillations via Hopf bifurcation of the endemic state. The onset of these oscillations depend on the shape of the vaccination function. A "global" approach is used to characterize the instability condition and identify classes of functions that always lead to stability/instability. The analysis allows the identification of an analytically determined "threshold vaccination function" having a simple interpretation: coverage functions lying always above the threshold always lead to oscillations, whereas coverage functions always below never lead to instability.

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Section: Introduction and Main Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifurcation Thresholds in an SIR Model with Information-Dependent Vaccination

d’Onofrio

Manfredi

2007

Math. Model. Nat. Phenom.

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“…Although forms of exemption to vaccination have always existed [23], the "natural history" of vaccination programmes, as part of the historical pathway through which humankind progressively rids itself of infectious diseases, has always been pervaded by a high degree of optimism [5]. However, recently this optimistic view has increasingly been challenged: for example, opposition to the whole-cell pertussis vaccine [12], the thimerosal case [16], and the MMR scare [20] can be considered evidence that in industrialized countries, the success story of vaccination is feeding back on itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of vaccine side effects on the natural history of immunization programmes: An imitation-game approach

d’Onofrio

Manfredi

Poletti

2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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To cite this version:Alberto D'Onofrio, Piero Manfredi, Piero Poletti. The impact of vaccine side effects on the natural history of immunization programmes: an imitation-game approach. Journal of Theoretical Biology, Elsevier, 2011, 273 (1) This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.The impact of vaccine side effects on the natural history of immunization programmes: an imitation-game approach AbstractWhen the incidence and prevalence of most common vaccine preventable childhood infectious diseases are constantly low, as is the case in many industrialized countries, the incidence of vaccine-associated side effects might become a key determinant in vaccine demand. We study an SIR transmission model with dynamic vaccine demand based on an imitation mechanism where the perceived risk of vaccination is modelled as a function of the incidence of vaccine side effects. The model shows some important differences compared to previous game dynamic models of vaccination, and allows noteworthy inferences as regards both the past and future lifetime of vaccination programmes. In particular it is suggested that a huge disproportion between the perceived risk of disease and vaccination is necessary in order to achieve high coverages. This disproportion is further increased in highly industrialised countries. Such considerations represent serious challenges for future vaccination programmes.

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“…In our previous work [11,12] we have described vaccination free-riding as "rational exemption", in order to distinguish it from other forms of exemption observed in the history of vaccination, e.g. conscientious, religious, or philosophical [24]. An increasing number of papers is being devoted to the study of the implications of rational exemption for the dynamics and control of vaccine preventable diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%