Computation and comparison of Pd-based membrane reactor performances for water gas shift reaction and isotope swamping in view of highly tritiated water decontamination

Santucci, Alessia; Rizzello, C.; Tosti, Silvano

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.05.080

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Pd-membrane reactors for separating tritium from tritiated water both via isotopic exchange and the water–gas shift reaction have been studied [30,31]. Detritiation of water via isotopic exchange relies on the reaction (4), while the water–gas shift reaction of HTO can be described by:CO + HTO ⇔ CO 2 + HT…”

Section: Pd Membranes In the Fusion Fuel Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the model analysis, for Pd tubes with a wall thickness of 0.100 mm, the decontamination factors attained by the water–gas shift reaction are at least one order of magnitude higher than those achieved by the isotopic exchange [30]. As a concern, side-reactions could make the water–gas shift process unfeasible for fusion application.…”

Section: Pd Membranes In the Fusion Fuel Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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Membrane Processes for the Nuclear Fusion Fuel Cycle

Tosti

Pozio

2018

Membranes

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This paper reviews the membrane processes for the nuclear fusion fuel cycle—namely, the treatment of the plasma exhaust gases and the extraction of tritium from the breeding blankets. With respect to the traditional processes, the application of membrane reactors to the fusion fuel cycle reduces the tritium inventory and processing time, thus increasing the safety and availability of the system. As an example, self-supported Pd-alloy membrane tubes have been studied for the separation of hydrogen and its isotopes from both gas- and liquid-tritiated streams through water-gas shift and isotopic swamping reactions. Furthermore, this paper describes an innovative membrane system (Membrane Gas–Liquid Contactor) for the extraction of hydrogen isotopes from liquid LiPb blankets. Porous membranes are exposed to the liquid metal that penetrates the pores without passing through them, then realizing a gas–liquid interface through which the mass transfer of hydrogen isotopes takes place. Compared to the conventional hydrogen isotope extraction processes from LiPb that use the “permeator against vacuum” concept, the proposed process significantly reduces mass-transfer resistance by improving the efficiency of the tritium recovery system.

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Section: Pd Membranes In the Fusion Fuel Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pd Membranes In the Fusion Fuel Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Processes for the Nuclear Fusion Fuel Cycle

Tosti

Pozio

2018

Membranes

Self Cite

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“…A promising intensified process considered for the recovery of tritium uses combined effects of catalytic conversion and selective membrane purification properties. Even though efficiency of such a process has already been demonstrated either on soft housekeeping waste [4] or highly tritiated water effluents [5], some mechanisms, particularly in terms of reaction conversions are not really well known yet. Considering deuterium as tritium tracer, the overall set of reactions occurring with a Q 2 /Q 2 O mixture is given below: From the above reversible reaction set, two possible chemical pathways appear: if reactions' thermodynamic equilibriums are reached, (R1)-(R3) reactions are sufficient to describe the whole system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the study of catalytic membrane reactor for water detritiation: Modeling approach

Liger

Mascarade

Joulia

et al. 2016

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Experimental results for the conversion of tritiated water (using deuterium as a simulant of tritium) by means of a catalytic membrane reactor in view of tritium recovery.• Phenomenological 2D model to represent catalytic membrane reactor behavior including the determination of the compositions of gaseous effluents.• Good agreement between the simulation results and experimental measurements performed on the dedicated facility.• Explanation of the unexpected behavior of the catalytic membrane reactor by the modeling results and in particular the gas composition estimation.In the framework of tritium recovery from tritiated water, efficiency of packed bed membrane reactors have been successfully demonstrated. Thanks to protium isotope swamping, tritium bonded water can be recovered under the valuable Q 2 form (Q = H, D or T) by means of isotope exchange reactions occurring on catalyst surface. The use of permselective Pd-based membrane allows withdrawal of reactions products all along the reactor, and thus limits reverse reaction rate to the benefit of the direct one (shift effect). The reactions kinetics, which are still little known or unknown, are generally assumed to be largely greater than the permeation ones so that thermodynamic equilibriums of isotope exchange reactions are generally assumed. This paper proposes a new phenomenological 2D model to represent catalytic membrane reactor behavior with the determination of gas effluents compositions. A good agreement was obtained between the simulation results and experimental measurements performed on a dedicated facility. Furthermore, the gas composition estimation permits to interpret unexpected behavior of the catalytic membrane reactor. In the next future, further sensitivity analysis will be performed to determine the limits of the model and a kinetics study will be conducted to assess the thermodynamic equilibrium of reactions.

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Membrane technology for tritium recovery in fusion power plants

Santucci,

Tosti

2024

Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes

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Computation and comparison of Pd-based membrane reactor performances for water gas shift reaction and isotope swamping in view of highly tritiated water decontamination

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Membrane Processes for the Nuclear Fusion Fuel Cycle

Membrane Processes for the Nuclear Fusion Fuel Cycle

On the study of catalytic membrane reactor for water detritiation: Modeling approach

Membrane technology for tritium recovery in fusion power plants

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