Computation and thermodynamic interpretation of high-pressure vapour—liquid equilibrium—a review

Supercritical water gasification of biomass: thermodynamic analysis with direct Gibbs free energy minimization

“…This in turn leads to an increase of solubility of hydrocarbons and light gases in supercritical water and so the reacting system maybe assumed to be a single homogeneous fluid when it reaches equilibrium. In this paper, PR equation of state [7] is adopted not only for its wide application in the field of supercritical fluids, but for its usage by several researchers [8,9] to conduct their analysis of supercritical water reactions as well. For pure fluids, the PR state equation has the following function form:…”

Energetic analysis of gasification of biomass by partial oxidation in supercritical water

“…PR equation of state is used to conduct analysis of supercritical water reactions. PR equation of state for pure fluids [27] is as for pure fluids;…”

A new high-pressure vapour–liquid equilibrium apparatus

“…The liquid components were thoroughly degassed using appropriate techniques [24,25] in a degassing apparatus [1] and introduced by suction into the evacuated equilibrium cell. The gaseous component was then forced into the cell (either under bottle pressure or using a compression device) to obtain the desired pressure.…”

“…It is constructed from stainless steel and has a relatively large volume so as to reduce the effects of disturbance to the equilibrium condition during sampling, as recommended in previous studies [1,[6][7][8][9][10]. The equilibrium cell is housed in a thermostated air bath, the design of which is based on our previous experience [3], as well as the work of Rogers and Prausnitz [11], Legret et al [12] and Konrad et al [13].…”

“…The equipment design incorporates features that we have developed from previous studies within our research group [1][2][3], as well as some adopted from literature.…”