Computation of Hybrid III Head Dynamics in Various Impact Situations

Bendjellal, Farid; Oudenard, L.; Uriot, Jérôme; Brigout, Christophe; Brun-Cassan, F

doi:10.4271/902320

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The raw linear acceleration and angular velocity data from the iMG accelerometer and gyroscope were imported into Matlab and filtered with a 200 Hz low-pass, fourth-order Butterworth filter. The location and coordinate system for the head_CG was defined as that of the 50th centile male based on the Hybrid III crash test anatomical model 3 21. The iMG frame of reference at the mouth (m) and the head_CG (h) are shown in figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the frame of reference on head acceleration events recorded by instrumented mouthguards in community rugby players

Bussey

Davidson

Salmon³

et al. 2022

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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ObjectivesTo highlight the need for standardisation in the communication of head impact telemetry from instrumented mouthguards (iMG). The purpose of this study is to examine how the frame of reference for reporting head acceleration events (HAE) may affect the interpretation of head impacts recorded from iMGs in community rugby players.MethodsAn analytical investigation of 825 video verified HAEs recorded from male community players during 5 rugby match exposures. HAEs were captured with an iMG, known to be reliable and valid for this purpose. The linear and angular head acceleration at the centre of mass (head_CG) was calculated from filtered iMG accelerometer and gyroscope data, and the location of impact was estimated. The iMG and head_CG data were examined for systematic bias, geometric differences and the degree of concordance. Finally, mixed model analyses were fitted to assess the differences in peak resultant acceleration (PLA) by impact locations and directions of head motion while controlling for intra-athlete correlations.ResultsThe degree of concordance between the iMG versus head_CG measures varied by impact location. The mixed model confirmed differences in the PLA by location (F(8,819) = 16.55, p<0.001) and by direction of head motion (F(5,417) = 7.78, p<0.001).ConclusionThe head acceleration reported at the iMG is not proportional to measurements that have been transformed to the head_CG. Depending on the impact location and direction of head motion, the acceleration measured at the iMG may overestimate, underestimate or miss entirely the PLA with respect to the head_CG. We recommend standardising the reporting of iMG data within the head_CG frame of reference.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the frame of reference on head acceleration events recorded by instrumented mouthguards in community rugby players

Bussey

Davidson

Salmon³

et al. 2022

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…Because the validated BrIC is heavily dependent on angular motion, it is expected that the accuracy of any head instrumentation technique should be judged in part by its ability to measure angular motion. Today there exist sensor configurations that allow for the measurement of 3-dimensional kinematics for the purpose of quantifying the severity of an impact (Becker and Willems 1975;Bendjellal et al 1990;Dimasi et al 1995;Ewing et al 1977;Kang et al 2011Kang et al , 2015Krieger et al 1976;Laughlin 1989;Martin et al 1998;Nusholtz 1993;Padgaonkar et al 1975;Viano et al 1986;Yoganandan et al 2006). In theory, the simplest solution would be a 6-accelerometer configuration with 2 accelerometers located along each axis (Becker and Willems 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a coplanar 6a3ω configuration in the Hybrid III 50th percentile male head

Kang

Goldman

Moorhouse

et al. 2017

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objectives: In order to understand the mechanisms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and develop proper safety measures, it is essential that accurate instrumentation methods are utilized. The brain injury criterion (BrIC) has been developed and validated to predict brain injuries in combination with the head injury criterion (Takhounts et al. 2011(Takhounts et al. , 2013. Because the validated BrIC is heavily dependent on angular motion, the accuracy of any head instrumentation technique should be judged in part by its ability to measure angular motion. The main objective of this study was to evaluate a method of accurately measuring 6-degree-offreedom (DOF) anthropomorphic test device (ATD) head kinematics using a coplanar 6 accelerometers and 3 angular rate sensors (6a3ω) configuration. Methods: A coplanar 6a3ω configuration (c6a3ω) was implemented via a newly designed fixture. The c6a3ω fixture was placed at the center of gravity (CG) of a Hybrid III 50th percentile ATD (HIII 50) head. In addition, a tetrahedron fixture with 9 installed accelerometers (tNAAP) was externally mounted on the posterior surface of the HIII 50 skull cap. The c6a3ω setup also allowed for comparison to the 3a3ω configuration (i3a3ω) by subsequently treating the c6a3ω fixture as an i3a3ω fixture by only using accelerations and angular rates from select sensors. A total of 63 tests were conducted by impacting the head-neck apparatus at various high speeds and directions by a pneumatic ram. Normalized root mean square deviation (NRMSD), peak differences, and uncertainty were used for quantitative evaluation of the 3 configurations (e.g., c6a3ω, i3a3ω, and tNAAP). Results: The average NRMSD and peak differences between the calculated angular accelerations were less than 5% between the tNAAP and the c6a3ω with 5.6% of uncertainty but greater than 18% for NRMSD and 20% for the peak differences between the tNAAP and i3a3ω with 58.2% uncertainty. Average NRMSD and peak differences between transformed resultant linear accelerations and gold standards (accelerations directly measured by accelerometers at the origin of tNAAP or c6a3ω fixtures) were also calculated. The c6a3ω had both NRMSD and peak differences less than 3% (uncertainty of 2.5%), and i3a3ω had NRMSD, peak values, and uncertainty on the order of 20% and higher. The tNAAP was slightly less accurate than the c6a3ω for transformed accelerations (NRMSD and peak differences <6%, uncertainty of 4.6%) and showed NRMSD and peak differences in the 7-8% range for angular velocity and rotation (uncertainty of 4.3 and 6.7%, respectively). Conclusions: The c6a3ω configuration exhibited much better accuracy for calculating angular acceleration and transformed linear acceleration than the i3a3ω configuration. The tNAAP showed slightly less accurate transformed linear acceleration than the c6a3ω and was demonstrated to have less accuracy than c6a3ω and i3a3ω for calculating angular velocity and rotation. The c6a3ω configuration could be a potential alternative to specialized NAAP ATD heads...

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Head Acceleration Events in Male Community Rugby Players: An Observational Cohort Study across Four Playing Grades, from Under-13 to Senior Men

Bussey,

Salmon,

Romanchuk

et al. 2023

Sports Med

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Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the cumulative head acceleration event (HAE) exposure in male rugby players from the Under-13 (U13) to senior club level over 4 weeks of matches and training during the 2021 community rugby season. Methods This prospective, observational cohort study involved 328 male rugby players. Players were representative of four playing grades: U13 (N = 60, age 12.5 ± 0.6 years), U15 (N = 100, age 14.8 ± 0.9 years), U19 (N = 78, age 16.9 ± 0.7 years) and Premier senior men (N = 97, age 22.5 ± 3.1 years). HAE exposure was tracked across 48 matches and 113 training sessions. HAEs were recorded using boil-and-bite instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). The study assessed the incidence and prevalence of HAEs by ages, playing positions, and session types (match or training). Results For all age grades, weekly match HAE incidence was highest at lower magnitudes (10–29 g). Proportionally, younger players experienced higher weekly incidence rates during training. The U19 players had 1.36 times the risk of high-magnitude (> 30 g) events during matches, while the U13 players had the lowest risk compared with all other grades. Tackles and rucks accounted for the largest HAE burden during matches, with forwards having 1.67 times the risk of > 30 g HAEs in rucks compared with backs. Conclusions This study provides novel data on head accelerations during rugby matches and training. The findings have important implications for identifying populations at greatest risk of high cumulative and acute head acceleration. Findings may guide training load management and teaching of skill execution in high-risk activities, particularly for younger players who may be exposed to proportionally more contact during training and for older players during matches.

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Computation of Hybrid III Head Dynamics in Various Impact Situations

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Influence of the frame of reference on head acceleration events recorded by instrumented mouthguards in community rugby players

Influence of the frame of reference on head acceleration events recorded by instrumented mouthguards in community rugby players

Evaluation of a coplanar 6a3ω configuration in the Hybrid III 50th percentile male head

Head Acceleration Events in Male Community Rugby Players: An Observational Cohort Study across Four Playing Grades, from Under-13 to Senior Men

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