Computational and Experimental Investigation of the Combined Effect of Various 3D Scaffolds and Bioreactor Stimulation on Human Cells’ Feedback

Kozaniti, Foteini K.; Manara, Aikaterini E.; Kostopoulos, V.; Mallis, Panagiotis; Michalopoulos, Efstathios; Polyzos, D.; Deligianni, Despina; Portan, D. V.

doi:10.3390/applbiosci2020018

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This process provides a continuous supply of nutrients and the removal of waste products prior to in vivo implantation at bone defect sites [135,136]. Implementing a mathematical model of the process in a CFD simulation involves four key steps: designing the geometries of scaffolds and complimentary bioreactors, selecting the appropriate flow equations, and determining the boundary and initial conditions (Figure 13) [137,138]. Thus, the fundamentals of CFD simulations can be described in three modules:…”

Section: Parameters Authors Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modelling and Simulation of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

N. Musthafa,

Walker,

Domagala

2024

Computation

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Three-dimensional porous scaffolds are substitutes for traditional bone grafts in bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications to restore and treat bone injuries and defects. The use of computational modelling is gaining momentum to predict the parameters involved in tissue healing and cell seeding procedures in perfusion bioreactors to reach the final goal of optimal bone tissue growth. Computational modelling based on finite element method (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are two standard methodologies utilised to investigate the equivalent mechanical properties of tissue scaffolds, as well as the flow characteristics inside the scaffolds, respectively. The success of a computational modelling simulation hinges on the selection of a relevant mathematical model with proper initial and boundary conditions. This review paper aims to provide insights to researchers regarding the selection of appropriate finite element (FE) models for different materials and CFD models for different flow regimes inside perfusion bioreactors. Thus, these FEM/CFD computational models may help to create efficient designs of scaffolds by predicting their structural properties and their haemodynamic responses prior to in vitro and in vivo tissue engineering (TE) applications.

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Section: Parameters Authors Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modelling and Simulation of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

N. Musthafa,

Walker,

Domagala

2024

Computation

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“…In the last two decades, a plethora of computational and experimental studies dealing with the design of biocompatible 3D printing scaffolds suitable for bone repair in severe fractures have been proposed [7][8][9][10]. However, despite the intensive studies, a definitive answer on which scaffold's structure enhances cell viability and promotes cellular proliferation and differentiation has not been provided so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An explainable machine learning-based probabilistic framework for the design of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering

Drakoulas,

Gortsas,

Polyzos

et al. 2024

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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Recently, 3D-printed biodegradable scaffolds have shown great potential for bone repair in critical-size fractures. The differentiation of the cells on a scaffold is impacted among other factors by the surface deformation of the scaffold due to mechanical loading and the wall shear stresses imposed by the interstitial fluid flow. These factors are in turn significantly affected by the material properties, the geometry of the scaffold, as well as the loading and flow conditions. In this work, a numerical framework is proposed to study the influence of these factors on the expected osteochondral cell differentiation. The considered scaffold is rectangular with a 0/90 lay-down pattern and a four-layered strut made of polylactic acid with a 5% steel particle content. The distribution of the different types of cells on the scaffold surface is estimated through a scalar stimulus, calculated by using a mechanobioregulatory model. To reduce the simulation time for the computation of the cell stimulus, a probabilistic, machine learning (ML) based reduced order model (ROM) is proposed. Then, a sensitivity analysis is 1 performed using the Shapley additive explanations, to examine the contribution of the various parameters to the framework cell stimulus predictions. In a final step, a multiobjective optimization procedure is implemented using genetic algorithms and the ROMs, aiming to identify the material parameters and loading conditions that maximize the percentage of surface area populated by bone cells while minimizing the area occupied by necrotic cells. The results of the performed analysis highlight the potential of using ROMs for the scaffold design, by dramatically reducing the simulation time while enabling the efficient implementation of sensitivity analysis and optimization procedures.

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“…Medical-grade fibers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (Dacron) were used in the study, as these are widely used for fabricating medical textiles such as knitted cardiac patches, valve skirts, and woven vascular grafts [33]. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and poly-€-caprolactone (PCL) are also extensively used for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering scaffolds, sutures, soft-tissue implants, and stents [34,35]. Likewise, cotton, a generic polymer, is used for wound dressings, bandages, and other medical coverings [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Fiber Characteristics on the Interfacial Interaction of Mammalian Cells and Bacteria

Baby,

Joseph,

Suresh

et al. 2023

Applied Biosciences

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An imperative requisite of tissue-engineered scaffolds is to promote host cell regeneration and concomitantly thwart microbial growth. Antibacterial agents are often added to prevent implant-related infections, which, however, aggravates the risk of bacterial resistance. For the first time, we report a fiber-based platform that selectively promotes the growth of mammalian cells and alleviates bacteria by varying fiber size, orientation, and material of polymeric yarns. The interactions of Gram-positive and -negative bacterial species with mammalian mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were investigated on poly-€-caprolactone (PCL) yarns, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), and cotton. Various yarn configurations were studied by altering the fiber diameter (from nano- to microscale) and fiber orientations (aligned, twisted, and random) of PCL yarns. PCL nanofibrous yarn decreased the adhesion of S. aureus and E. coli, with a 2.7-fold and 1.5-fold reduction, respectively, compared to PCL microfibrous yarn. Among different fiber orientations, nanoaligned fibers resulted in an 8-fold and 30-fold reduction of S. aureus and E. coli adhesion compared to random fibers. Moreover, aligned orientation was superior in retarding the S. aureus adhesion by 14-fold compared to nanotwisted fibers. Our data demonstrate that polymeric yarns comprising fibers with nanoscale features and aligned orientation promote mammalian cell adhesion and spreading and concomitantly mitigate bacterial interaction. Moreover, we unveil the wicking of cells through polymeric yarns, facilitating early cell adhesion in fibrous scaffolds. Overall, this study provides insight to engineer scaffolds that couple superior interaction of mammalian cells with high-strength fibrous yarns for regenerative applications devoid of antibacterial agents or other surface modification strategies.

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Computational and Experimental Investigation of the Combined Effect of Various 3D Scaffolds and Bioreactor Stimulation on Human Cells’ Feedback

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Computational Modelling and Simulation of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Computational Modelling and Simulation of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

An explainable machine learning-based probabilistic framework for the design of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering

Impact of Fiber Characteristics on the Interfacial Interaction of Mammalian Cells and Bacteria

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