“…Since these pioneering works, considerable progress has been made on the geometrically exact analysis of three-dimensional framed structures, from both theoretical and numerical points of view, see e.g. Cardona and Géradin (1988) [6], Ibrahimbegovic and co-workers (1995,2000,2003) [16,19,18,17], Petrov and Géradin (1998) [31], Saje et al (1998) [36], [7,22], Gruttmann et al (2000) [15], Atluri and co-workers (1988,1989,1996,1998,2001) [20,21,33,2], Betsch and Steinmann (2002) [3], Pimenta and Campello (2003) [32], Zupan and Saje (2003) [50], [24,23], Mata et al (2007) [27], Makinen (2007) [26], Santos et al (2009) [38,37] and many others.…”