Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling and Simulation of Flow Regulatory Mechanism in Artificial Kidney Using Finite Element Method

Yaqoob, Tuba; Ahsan, Muhammad; Hussain, Arshad; Ahmad, Iftikhar

doi:10.3390/membranes10070139

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The governing equations and boundary conditions that describe momentum and mass transport in blood and dialysate compartments and across the membrane are published in previous research [24]. This study focused on the detailed procedure for developing a stand-alone computational tool, which is explained in the supplementary material of the article.…”

Section: Development Of a Computational Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The user can change the blood and dialysate flow rate. Details of these mathematical equations are presented in a published study [24]. The experimental studies have shown that the synthetic membrane used in dialyzers are multi-layer membranes [15].…”

Section: Comparison Of the Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be seen in Table 2 that there are six new parameters available in the stand-alone application, including four membrane parameters and two process parameters. These new parameters are vital in determining the clearance rate of different solutes present in the blood [24]. mj, friction coefficient F(p), steric hindrance factor H D ).…”

Section: Comparison Of the Input Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The user can change the blood and dialysate flow rate. Details of these ical equations are presented in a published study [24]. The experimental studies n that the synthetic membrane used in dialyzers are multi-layer membranes e 3 shows the cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane in the standlication and COMSOL application.…”

Section: Membrane Parameters Comsol Application Computational Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the results obtained by the COMSOL application showed the water flux across the membrane. The dialyzer efficiency depends on the clearance rate of different solutes obtained from the dialyzer membrane [24]. Thus, the stand-alone computational tool included the clearance rate of six different solutes present in the blood.…”

Section: Rison Of the Input Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Development of a Computational Tool for a Dialyzer by Using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Model

et al. 2021

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In order to reduce the hemodialysis cost and duration, an investigation of the effect of dialyzer design and process variables on the solute clearance rate is required. It is not easy to translate the in vivo transfer process with in vitro experiments, as it involves a high cost to produce various designs and membranes for the dialyzer. The primary objective of this study was the design and development of a computational tool for a dialyzer by using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model. Due to their complexity, only researchers with expertise in computational analysis can use dialyzer models. Therefore, COMSOL Inc. (Stockholm, Sweden) has made an application on membrane dialysis to study the impact of different design and process parameters on dialyzed liquid concentration. Still, membrane mathematical modeling is not considered in this application. This void hinders an investigation of the impact of membrane characteristics on the solute clearance rate. This study has developed a stand-alone computational tool in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 to fill this void. A review of the literature conducted shows that there are no suitable stand-alone computational tools for kidney dialysis. Very little work has been undertaken to validate the stand-alone computational tool. Medical staff in the hospitals require a computational tool that can be installed quickly and provide results with limited knowledge of dialysis. This work aims to construct a user-friendly computational tool to solve this problem. The development of a user-friendly stand-alone computational tool for the dialyzer is described thoroughly. This application simulates a mathematical model with the Finite Element Method using the COMSOL Multiphysics solver. The software tool is converted to a stand-alone version with the COMSOL compiler. The stand-alone computational tool provides the clearance rate of six different toxins and module packing density. Compared with the previous application, the stand-alone computational tool of membrane dialysis enables the user to investigate the impact of membrane characteristics and process parameters on the clearance rate of different solutes. The results are also inconsistent with the literature data, and the differences ranges are 0.09–6.35% and 0.22–2.63% for urea clearance rate and glucose clearance rate, respectively. Statistical analysis of the results is presented as mean with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p values 0.9472 and 0.833 of the urea and glucose clearance rates, respectively.

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Section: Development Of a Computational Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of the Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of the Input Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Membrane Parameters Comsol Application Computational Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rison Of the Input Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Development of a Computational Tool for a Dialyzer by Using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Model

et al. 2021

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Development and Evaluation of User‐Friendly Modeled Approach for Sustainable Polymer Membranes for Advanced Hemodialysis

Khan,

Jahan,

Ahsan

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Inter

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Hemodialysis is crucial for patients with end‐stage renal disease, yet evaluating its operating parameters often requires complex mathematical models. To simplify this process, user‐friendly modules have been developed to accurately assess key parameters with minimal inputs, enabling users to track disease prognosis. These modules incorporate governing equations and allow straightforward analysis. Validation against experimental data from polymer membrane studies demonstrated that at a blood flow rate of 300 mL min−1, the model predicted a clearance of 262 mL min−1, showing 7% difference from the actual value of 281 mL min−1. At a dialysate flow of 400 mL min−1, the model's predicted clearance was 286.47 mL min−1, with only a 1% difference compared to previous model. The module also showed 40% higher clearance in counter‐current flow compared to co‐current, with a 47% difference at 400 mL min−1 dialysate flow. Increasing the hollow fibre length from 27 to 50 cm led to a 4% clearance increase. Additionally, increasing residual renal clearance by 0.5 mL min−1 doubled the standard Kt V−1 Kt/V, and similar effects were seen by increasing weekly hemodialysis sessions. The app allows simulations, plots, and comparisons with minimal inputs and can be integrated into MATLAB or other platforms, benefiting both patients and researchers in prognosis and treatment analysis.

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Numerical and experimental investigation of solute transports through different types of dialyzer membrane

Klahan,

Pattamaprom,

Eiamsitrakoon

et al. 2024

Discov Appl Sci

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The flow and mass transport through different membrane types from different hemodialyzers are investigated in a co-current direction to emphasize the effect of solute diffusion through the dialyzer membranes. The numerical model consists of the blood flowing in a hollow fiber surrounded by a dialysate flow, where the mass transport and fluid flow were simultaneously calculated. The high flux dialyzers considered in the present study are FINEFLUX FIX-210S eco, ELISIO-210HR, and PEPA FDY-21B, which differ mainly in characteristics of the membrane structure and surface. Urea and maltodextrin solutions are used as model solutes to consider the effect of molecular size difference. The numerically predicted outlet concentrations closely align with experimental values, where the variation between predicted and measured values remain below 10% across all dialyzer types for urea solutions, and specifically below 8% for maltodextrin solution. Among the various dialyzers tested, FINEFLUX membrane could provide the highest maltodextrin clearance (83.09 ml/min) and overall mass transfer area coefficient (KoA) (119.56 ml/min) potentially due to its fast-diffusion characteristic. In this co-current flow study, the results suggest that urea transport is primarily influenced by flow control with minimal impact from boundary layers, while maltodextrin transport is predominantly governed by diffusion control.

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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling and Simulation of Flow Regulatory Mechanism in Artificial Kidney Using Finite Element Method

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Design and Development of a Computational Tool for a Dialyzer by Using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Model

Design and Development of a Computational Tool for a Dialyzer by Using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Model

Development and Evaluation of User‐Friendly Modeled Approach for Sustainable Polymer Membranes for Advanced Hemodialysis

Numerical and experimental investigation of solute transports through different types of dialyzer membrane

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