Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Airflow in the Normal Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

Xiong, Guanxia; Zhan, Jie-Min; Jiang, Hongyan; Li, Jianfeng; Rong, Liangwan; Xu, Guan

doi:10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3211

Cited by 72 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…1), and not to the volume of the MS. The airflow from the MS is too highly restricted and slow to modify the airflow within the nasal cavity in macaques, as seen in humans (Xiong et al, 2008;Na et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2012). Thus, our bioengineered approach suggests that the reacquisition of the MS and its later anatomical modifications are functionally unrelated to the performance of air conditioning and the dispersal of macaques into cooler and drier environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor contributions of the maxillary sinus to the air-conditioning performance in macaque monkeys

Mori

Hanida

Kumahata

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The nasal passages mainly adjust the temperature and humidity of inhaled air to reach the alveolar condition required in the lungs. By contrast to most other non-human primates, macaque monkeys are distributed widely among tropical, temperate and subarctic regions, and thus some species need to condition the inhaled air in cool and dry ambient atmospheric areas. The internal nasal anatomy is believed to have undergone adaptive modifications to improve the airconditioning performance. Furthermore, the maxillary sinus (MS), an accessory hollow communicating with the nasal cavity, is found in macaques, whereas it is absent in most other extant Old World monkeys, including savanna monkeys. In this study, we used computational fluid dynamics simulations to simulate the airflow and heat and water exchange over the mucosal surface in the nasal passage. Using the topology models of the nasal cavity with and without the MS, we demonstrated that the MS makes little contribution to the airflow pattern and the air-conditioning performance within the nasal cavity in macaques. Instead, the inhaled air is conditioned well in the anterior portion of the nasal cavity before reaching the MS in both macaques and savanna monkeys. These findings suggest that the evolutionary modifications and coetaneous variations in the nasal anatomy are rather independent of transitions and variations in the climate and atmospheric environment found in the habitats of macaques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor contributions of the maxillary sinus to the air-conditioning performance in macaque monkeys

Mori

Hanida

Kumahata

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The wall shear stress (WSS) option was implemented with the standard wall function to capture such complex flow. Comparisons were made for airflow inside the nasal cavity of velocity and path streamlines, pressure changes and WSS distribution between inspiratory and expiratory phase [9]. …”

Section: Clinical and Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of normal nasal cavity airflow in Chinese adult: a computational flow dynamics model

Tan

Han

Wang

et al. 2011

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Our purpose is to simulate the airflow inside the healthy Chinese nose with normal nasal structure and function by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and to analyze the relationship between the airflow and physiological function. In this study, we used the software MIMICS 13.0 to construct 20 3-dimensional (3-D) models based on the computer tomography scans of Chinese adults' nose with normal nasal structure and function. Thereafter, numerical simulations were carried out using the software FLUENT 6.3. Then the characteristics of airflow inside the airway and sinuses were demonstrated qualitatively and quantitatively in steady state. We found that during the inhalation phase, the vortices and turbulences were located at anterior part and bottom of the nasal cavity. But there is no vortex in the whole nasal cavity during the expiratory phase. The distributions of pressure and wall shear stress are different in two phases. The maximum airflow velocity occurs around the plane of palatine velum during both inspiratory and expiratory phases. After the airflow passed the nasal valve, the peak velocity of inhaled airflow decreases and it increases again at the postnaris. Vice versa, the exhaled airflow decelerates after it passed the postnaris and it accelerates again at nasal valve. The data collected in this presentation validates the effectiveness of CFD simulation in the study of airflow in the nasal cavity. Nasal airflow is closely related to the structure and physiological functions of the nasal cavity. CFD may thus also be used to study nasal airflow changes resulting from abnormal nasal structure and nasal diseases.

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“…Unlike the routine objective evaluations such as active anterior rhinomanometry or acoustic rhinometry, CFD can make accurate predictions about fluid variables in a computer model, and offers the rhinologist the ability to visualize airflow characteristics in three dimensions, and even to study some variables not obtainable by other means, like nasal wall friction or the uptake of inhaled toxins [5]. Nowadays, with the progress in computer and numerical simulation technology, CFD predictions of nasal airflow have undergone rapid development [4,[5][6][7][8][9][10]. However, this remains a highly specialized field and few studies have been published on evaluating the effects of septal deviation on nasal airflow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of septal deviation on the airflow characteristics: Using computational fluid dynamics models

Liu

Han

Wang

et al. 2011

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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Unlike airflow in the controls, airflow in the septal deviation models showed asymmetry in bilateral nasal cavities. The airflow patterns varied in the convex and concave sides in different septal deviation models. Caudal septal deviation models had the maximal peak velocity, while the the minimal peak velocity was found in the media deviation models. The peak velocity was not always located in the convex side, but was sometimes in the concave side.

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Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Airflow in the Normal Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

Cited by 72 publications

References 20 publications

Minor contributions of the maxillary sinus to the air-conditioning performance in macaque monkeys

Minor contributions of the maxillary sinus to the air-conditioning performance in macaque monkeys

Numerical simulation of normal nasal cavity airflow in Chinese adult: a computational flow dynamics model

Effects of septal deviation on the airflow characteristics: Using computational fluid dynamics models

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