Computational investigation of arc behavior in an auto-expansion circuit breaker contaminated by ablated nozzle vapor

Zhang, Jin Ling; Yan, Joseph; Murphy, Anthony B.; Hall, W. B.; Fang, Michael

doi:10.1109/tps.2002.1024273

Cited by 130 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…or by the use of new materials for the manufacturing of electrodes or nozzles (Cu, W, CuW which have an important impact on the electrical conductivity and the radiation even if in few concentration). Some numerical modelling have been developed to study the influence of the erosion of electrodes or ablation of nozzle on the arc behavior from its ignition to its extinction [29][30][31][32][33][34]. The radiative transfer calculation with simplified methods can be improved following four ways: a better treatment of the absorption coefficients for molecules [26]; a careful definition of the spectral intervals for the calculation of the Mean Absorption Coefficients as in their works of Jan et al, Norborg and Iordanidis or Kloc et al [26,27,35]; the elaboration of MACs tables from a mix of the different mean functions (Planck averaging at high temperature considering the absorption of the lines, and mean natural value at low temperature with only continuum contribution) [26]; the use of an optimized function based on the minimization of the difference between the exact calculation of the radiative flux or the divergence of the flux and the results obtained with simplified methods [36][37][38].…”

Section: No /mentioning

confidence: 99%

State of Art and Challenges for the Calculation of Radiative and Transport Properties of Thermal Plasmas in HVCB

Cressault

Teulet

Baumann

et al. 2019

PPT

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This paper is focused on the state-of-the-art and challenges concerning the thermophysical properties of thermal plasmas used in numerical modelling devoted to high voltage circuit breakers. <br />For Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) and Non-Local Thermodynamic (NLTE) and/or Chemical Equilibrium (NLCE) plasmas, the methods used to calculate the composition, thermodynamic, transport and radiative properties are presented. <br />A review of these last data is proposed and some comparisons are given for illustrations.

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Section: No /mentioning

confidence: 99%

State of Art and Challenges for the Calculation of Radiative and Transport Properties of Thermal Plasmas in HVCB

Cressault

Teulet

Baumann

et al. 2019

PPT

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“…Net emission coefficient θ Non-equilibrium degree h Planck's constant Q J Power density of Joule heating Q rad Power density of radiation Q eh Power density of the elastic collision energy exchange P i (i = 0, 1, 2) Pressure at the boundaries (0), (1), and (2) in figure 1 Species number density n i (i = 0,1, 2) Species number density at the boundaries (0), Volume mass generation or loss rate by ablation or deposition…”

Section: Internal Partition Function E Ir+1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wall ablation of heated compound-materials into non-equilibrium discharge plasmas

Wang¹,

Kong²,

Geng³

et al. 2017

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The discharge properties of the plasma bulk flow near the surface of heated compound-materials strongly affects the kinetic layer parameters modeled and manifested in the Knudsen layer. This paper extends the widely used two-layer kinetic ablation model to the ablation controlled nonequilibrium discharge due to the fact that the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) approximation is often violated as a result of the interaction between the plasma and solid walls. Modifications to the governing set of equations, to account for this effect, are derived and presented by assuming that the temperature of the electrons deviates from that of the heavy particles. The ablation characteristics of one typical material, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are calculated with this improved model. The internal degrees of freedom as well as the average particle mass and specific heat ratio of the polyatomic vapor, which strongly depends on the temperature, pressure and plasma non-equilibrium degree and plays a crucial role in the accurate determination of the ablation behavior by this model, are also taken into account. Our assessment showed the significance of including such modifications related to the non-equilibrium effect in the study of vaporization of heated compound materials in ablation controlled arcs. Additionally, a two-temperature magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) model accounting for the thermal non-equilibrium occurring near the wall surface is developed and applied into an ablation-dominated discharge for an electro-thermal chemical launch device. Special attention is paid to the interaction between the non-equilibrium plasma and the solid propellant surface. Both the mass exchange process caused by the wall ablation and plasma species deposition as well as the associated momentum and energy exchange processes are taken into account. A detailed comparison of the results of the non-equilibrium model with those of an equilibrium model is presented. The non-equilibrium results show a non-equilibrium region near the plasma-wall interaction region and this indicates the need for the consideration of the influence of the possible departure from LTE in the plasma bulk on the determination of ablation rate.

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“…If the housing of the LVCB is partly made up of polymers that are easily gasified in high temperature environment, large volume of polymer vapor generation will tremendously increase the local pressure and alter the flow field which, consequently, accelerate the arc motion and expedite arc extinction. 5,6,25 This technique is also expected to speed up the arc splitting and shorten the duration of arcing. All of these necessitate the implementation of accurate Stefan flow modeling in arc simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of wall ablation on low-voltage arc interruption: The effect of Stefan flow

Huo

Selezneva

Jacobs³

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Physics

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Low-voltage circuit breakers provide essential protection for industrial and residential power installations, by taking advantage of the voltage drop at the electrode–plasma interface to force current zero. This is accomplished by using the magnetic force and unbalanced pressure on the arc as the contacts open to push the arc toward a stack of steel plates that break the arc into subarcs and thereby multiply the number of voltage drops. As the fault current can be high, substantial energy can be dissipated, which results in interactions among the arc and solid counterparts in terms of wall ablation and metal evaporation. In this study, ablation experiments are conducted to demonstrate its great influence on the arc voltage and on the pressure field. Significant progress has been accomplished in the computation of arc dynamics through the coupling of fluid motion with electromagnetics, although an important mechanism in arc breaking simulation, the effect of Stefan flow caused by species generation, has not been considered. We report out a numerical approach for taking into account the effect of Stefan flow, particularly for the breakers with high gasifying wall materials. This approach accounts for the diffusion induced convection due to added-in species from the evaporation surfaces, which will largely influence the flow field and the properties of the plasma mixture. Apart from the voltage drop, this mechanism plays an important role in simulating arc interruption. The ability of conducting Stefan flow computation further enhances the understanding of arc behaviors and improves the design of practically oriented low-voltage circuit breakers.

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Computational investigation of arc behavior in an auto-expansion circuit breaker contaminated by ablated nozzle vapor

Cited by 130 publications

References 17 publications

State of Art and Challenges for the Calculation of Radiative and Transport Properties of Thermal Plasmas in HVCB

State of Art and Challenges for the Calculation of Radiative and Transport Properties of Thermal Plasmas in HVCB

Wall ablation of heated compound-materials into non-equilibrium discharge plasmas

Study of wall ablation on low-voltage arc interruption: The effect of Stefan flow

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