Computational models and motor learning paradigms: Could they provide insights for neuroplasticity after stroke? An overview

Reinforced Feedback in Virtual Environment for Plantar Flexor Poststroke Spasticity Reduction and Gait Function Improvement

“…In the virtual scenario, the starting position and the features of the target were determined to facilitate the perception of errors and their correction by the subject (learning by imitation) [37,49], enabling the acquisition of motor skills [43] and employing artificially reinforced feedback. While performing the task, subjects obtained information on the movement of their limb (KP) through the virtual representation of the trajectory carried out by the sensors (Figure 3).…”

“…In our study, the use of a VR-based system, together with a motion capture tool, allowed us to modify the artificial environment with which the patient could interact, exploiting some mechanisms of motor learning [33,34], thus allowing greater flexibility and effective improvement in task learning. is system has been highly successful in the functional recovery of the hemiparetic upper extremity [31,[33][34][35][36], but its combined effect with TR on the LE has not yet reported conclusive data [37]. e continuous supply of feedback during voluntary movement makes it possible to continuously adjust contractile activity [38], thus mitigating increments in spasticity and cocontraction processes of the patient.…”

Virtual reality in medicine: a brief overview and future research directions

“…The last decade has seen a rapid development of VR and interactive video games used especially to induce motor function recovery of paretic upper limbs in stroke patients. We can currently talk about the so-called 'virtual rehabilitation,' which is an innovative method of improving motor function in people with different dysfunctions with the use of modern computer technologies based on VR [14]. Virtual rehabilitation involves both activities carried out 'here and now' and therapy conducted at a distance, called telerehabilitation.…”

“…Virtual rehabilitation involves both activities carried out 'here and now' and therapy conducted at a distance, called telerehabilitation. A number of reports have been published on this subject, including meta-analyses [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] evaluating the efficacy of different technical solutions. Standen et al [20] found that VR-based games might also be used at home to help improve motor function in upper limbs after a stroke.…”

The effectiveness of using modern technologies in early recovery period treatment of post-stroke patients

“…Повышение качества движений верхней конечности связывают с интенсивной двигательной активностью, которая позволяет восстановить и укрепить нейрональные проводящие пути, а также способствует процессам нейрональной пластичности [8]. Помимо интенсивной двигательной тренировки, необходимым фактором для успешной реабилитации является ориентированная на достижение цели и выполнение специализированных задач программа тренировок [3,6].…”