Computational study of kinematics of the anterior cruciate ligament double-bundle structure during passive knee flexion–extension

Otani, Tomohiro; Kobayashi, Yo; Tanaka, Masao

doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.07.015

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In this study, we developed an original and simple mathematical simulation model of the collateral ligament based on two-photon images and previous studies. While conventional simulations often consider the ligament as a single sheet or bundle of collagen fibres [ 17 , 19 ], our model is unique in that elastin, which has its own mechanical properties, is placed between the collagen fibres. We compared this unique fibre model with a conventional sheet-like model and found that the distribution and magnitude of stress on the ligament, as well as the displacement of collagen fibres during tensile, shear, and rotational stresses, differed significantly between the two models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous fibre models that focussed specifically on collagen fibres employed only information on the mechanical properties of collagen and excluded the mechanical properties of elastin and other components [ 17 ]. Our present simplified mathematical simulation model consists of ligaments with collagen bundles and elastin between them, which account for more than 90% of the dry weight of the ligament [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 c, to compare the magnitude of stress applied to collagen and elastin and the extensibility of each component. Based on previous simulation data showing that the tibia rotated by approximately 30° when the knee was bent [ 17 ], the stresses were applied so that the bone on the non-fixed side rotated by 30°, as shown in Fig. 2 d. The stress in Y and Z directions required for the bone to rotate 30° was measured, while elastin content was varied from 0 to 33.5%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computer simulations can also be used to predict parameters for which the exact values are not known by comparing them with actual measurements. One pertaining problem is that many simulation studies consider the ligament to be a uniform collagen fibre bundle [ 15 – 17 ] or sheet [ 18 , 19 ], ignoring the mechanical properties of its other major components, elastin, and the interaction between collagen and elastin. Although the content and distribution of elastin have been studied at the molecular level and their unique mechanical properties have been tackled, their anatomical or physiological role in ligaments has not been fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elastin is responsible for the rigidity of the ligament under shear and rotational stress: a mathematical simulation study

Naya

Takanari

2023

J Orthop Surg Res

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Background An accurate understanding of the mechanical response of ligaments is important for preventing their damage and rupture. To date, ligament mechanical responses are being primarily evaluated using simulations. However, many mathematical simulations construct models of uniform fibre bundles or sheets using merely collagen fibres and ignore the mechanical properties of other components such as elastin and crosslinkers. Here, we evaluated the effect of elastin-specific mechanical properties and content on the mechanical response of ligaments to stress using a simple mathematical model. Methods Based on multiphoton microscopic images of porcine knee collateral ligaments, we constructed a simple mathematical simulation model that individually includes the mechanical properties of collagen fibres and elastin (fibre model) and compared with another model that considers the ligament as a single sheet (sheet model). We also evaluated the mechanical response of the fibre model as a function of the elastin content, from 0 to 33.5%. Both ends of the ligament were fixed to a bone, and tensile, shear, and rotational stresses were applied to one of the bones to evaluate the magnitude and distribution of the stress applied to the collagen and elastin at each load. Results Uniform stress was applied to the entire ligament in the sheet model, whereas in the fibre model, strong stress was applied at the junction between collagen fibres and elastin. Even in the same fibre model, as the elastin content increased from 0 to 14.4%, the maximum stress and displacement applied to the collagen fibres during shear stress decreased by 65% and 89%, respectively. The slope of the stress–strain relationship at 14.4% elastin was 6.5 times greater under shear stress than that of the model with 0% elastin. A positive correlation was found between the stress required to rotate the bones at both ends of the ligament at the same angle and elastin content. Conclusions The fibre model, which includes the mechanical properties of elastin, can provide a more precise evaluation of the stress distribution and mechanical response. Elastin is responsible for ligament rigidity during shear and rotational stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%