Computations of Total Sediment Discharge, Niobrara River near Cody, Nebraska

Suspended Sediment‐Induced Stratification Inferred From Concentration and Velocity Profile Measurements in the Lower Yellow River, China

“…The mixing length concept describes an eddy viscosity mixture profile ( K m ) that varies parabolically with distance above the bed (Doshi & Gill, 1970; Landau & Lifshits, 1959; Rouse, 1937): where is the fluid shear velocity (a representation of basal shear stress τ b in units of L T −1 , where ρ is fluid density) and is the von Kármán constant (Einstein & Chien, 1955; Nezu & Rodi, 1986). Numerous researchers have tested dilute suspension velocity and concentration profile models with data collected from laboratory experiments (Lyn, 1986; van Ingen, 1981; Vanoni, 1941), the field (Anderson, 1942; Barton & Lin, 1955; Colby, 1964; Colby & Hembree, 1955), and through numerical simulations (Amoudry, 2005; Chan‐Braun et al, 2010; Hsu et al, 2004; Schmeeckle, 2014). These studies have determined that suspended sediment increases the effective density of the fluid and higher sediment concentration near the bed produces a vertical density gradient that induces a negative buoyancy that modulates eddy viscosity by increasing the dissipation of turbulent eddies.…”

Transport and dispersion of fluorescent tracer particles for the dune-bed condition, Atrisco Feeder Canal near Bernalillo, New Mexico

“…This characteristic undoubtedly explains why the steady-dilution result for the 0.350-to 0.500-mm sieve class was almost 2 times larger than the largest of the modified Einstein results for this sieve class. The modified Einstein procedure was developed by Colby and Hembree (1955) and was checked on several sandchannel streams in western Nebraska. These streams have characteristics similar to the Atrisco Feeder Canal, although they are somewhat larger in size.…”

“…These streams have characteristics similar to the Atrisco Feeder Canal, although they are somewhat larger in size. Evaluation of the modified Einstein procedure by Colby and Hembree (1955) showed that the calculated total sediment discharge ranged from 56 to 187 percent and averaged 97 percent of the measured total sediment discharges for the Niobrara River in Nebraska. Similarly, Hubbell and Matejka (1959) found for the Middle Loup River in Nebraska that the calculated total sediment discharges ranged from 64 to 166 percent and averaged 112 percent of the measured total sediment discharges.…”

“…Of the many calculation procedures available, the Task Committee of the American Society of Civil Engineers (1971) recommended that the modified Einstein procedure be used when the necessary hydraulic characteristics and suspended-sediment concentrations for the stream are available. Details of the modified Einstein procedure were described by Colby and Hembree (1955), and nomographs allowing a graphical solution of the modified Einstein procedure were presented by Colby and Hubbell (1961). Results of the modified Einstein calculations for four dates for which suspended-sediment concentrations were measured are presented in table 33.…”

Sediment Transport in Money Creek

“…(l3) Recognizing the limitations, these approaches merit continued study, trial, and improvement. These approaches were utilized on the Niobrara River near Cody, Nebraska (14) in 1955. Results showed severe limitations to the Schoklitsch and DuBoys approaches and excellent results from the Einstein approach.…”