Computed tomography evaluation of the porosity and fiber orientation in a short carbon fiber material extrusion filament and part

Chisena, Robert S.; Engstrom, Sophia Marina; Shih, Albert J.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2020.101189

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…33 The higher resolution of DIC method for dynamically loaded test objects can better display the two-dimensional surface strain field of composite materials under the three-point bending test. 34,35 In order to accurately capture the complex deformation, the DIC measurement combined with the AE monitoring was employed for the assessment of the deformation and damage evolution of the specimens under bending loads. In the previous studies, numerous researchers have demonstrated the effectiveness of this DIC method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on the mechanical behavior and damage of 3D printed composites under three-point bending

Zhang

Pan

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been triumphantly applied for the manufacture of various composite components. In this work, acoustic emission (AE), X-ray micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) are used in conjunction with digital image correlation (DIC) measurement to investigate the mechanical behaviors of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced composites under three-point bending test. Meanwhile, several mechanical experiments are carried out to study the flexural properties of three kinds of composite specimens, among which the specimens with larger glass fiber content exhibit more superior mechanical properties. Furthermore, AE response characterizations and microscopic damage morphology are also examined. In consequence, the complementary nondestructive testing (NDT) technology combining AE, DIC, and Micro CT is successfully applied to evaluate the mechanical behaviors of 3D printed composites, and the flexural deformation and damage are comparatively investigated for different composite specimens. The cross-validation results of cluster analysis (k-means), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and principal component analysis (PCA) show that AE parameters including frequency, amplitude, and RA value (rise time divided by peak amplitude) are closely associated with the damage process of different specimens. The results show that the PCA can confirm the selected K-means cluster analysis parameters (peak frequency and peak amplitude) and the dimensionality reduction effects of 20% glass fiber specimens have the best results, indicating that the proportion of the principal components extracted can represent the original parameters is 81%. It was also confirmed that the supervised learning KNN algorithm corresponding to different damage patterns can verify the unsupervised learning k-means cluster. Correspondingly, the strain fields characterized by DIC are reasonably matched with the AE signal responses. In addition, the critical damage and delamination mechanisms of the 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced composites are clearly revealed by Micro-CT characterization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on the mechanical behavior and damage of 3D printed composites under three-point bending

Zhang

Pan

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…The adaptability of the process makes it possible to manufacture products under industrial conditions and to equip mobile repair systems. An example of such a solution is the mobile spare parts production system developed at the Rzeszow University of Technology, designed for work in field conditions for energy repair services as well as for the armed forces (Figure 4) [50][51][52]. Directed Energy Deposition (DED)-a process in which focused energy melts a material in layers as it is deposited (the focused heat energy is emitted as a laser beam, electron beam or plasma arc).…”

Section: Summary Of Additive Technology Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A process in which heat energy selectively melts layers within a powder bed [47][48][49]; • MEX-Material Extrusion: the extrusion of layers of material. A process in which a thermoplastic material is extruded into a fibre (thread) that is layered according to a digitally specified path [50][51][52];…”

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confidence: 99%

Opportunities for the Application of 3D Printing in the Critical Infrastructure System

Budzik

Tomaszewski

Soboń³

2022

Energies

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The present article presents an analysis of the potential application of 3D printing in the critical infrastructure system. An attempt has been made to develop case studies for selected critical infrastructure areas, particularly with reference to the area of energy supply. The need for 3D printing applications is identified based on expert research in the energy industry. It identifies the application schemes determined by the technical and logistical possibilities associated with 3D printing in its broadest sense. A review of additive technologies with a view to their application in selected phases of critical infrastructure operation, including in crisis situations, is also carried out. Furthermore, a methodology for incorporating 3D printing into the existing critical infrastructure system is proposed. As a result, the following research hypothesis is adopted: the use of 3D printing can be an important part of measures to ensure the full functionality and efficiency of critical infrastructures, particularly in crisis situations.

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“…[ 62 ] Shmueli et al [ 63 ] found that PP/graphene nanocomposites printed by FFF had significantly higher crystallinity (particularly at 10 wt% graphene) than unfilled PP. However, Shmueli et al [ 48 ] did not quantify the effect of the increased crystallinity in terms of mechanical or electrical properties. The addition of CNTs to a PEEK matrix may have contradictory outcomes.…”

Section: Polymer Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advanced characterization techniques like microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) are now available to test the defect structure in printed parts. [48][49][50] A logical investigation of the porosity patterns that takes into account the amount, size, and placement of pores would be useful to unveil the macroscopic changes in electrical conductivity with porosity. While a systematic analysis of the correlation existing between porosity and electrical conductivity of FFF parts is still missing in the literature, it is reasonable to presume that inappropriate printing settings will negatively affect the electrical conductivity owing to the increased porosity and structural defectiveness that impair the flow of electrons.…”

Section: Printing Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Research in Conductive Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication: A Critical Review

Simunec¹,

Sola²

2022

Adv Eng Mater

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The progress of Industry 4.0 and the advancement of robotic design are revealing a significant gap in the capabilities of current manufacturing techniques and the selection of materials that are available in electronics. Present‐day electrical systems largely rely on metals, but there is a driving need to develop new electrically conductive objects with a wide range of material properties, including expanded flexibility and softness, and with increasingly complex geometries. Electrically conductive composites can replace traditional metal‐based systems. In particular, thermoplastic composites become electrically conductive with the incorporation of conductive fillers or polymers while retaining to a large extent the processability of the thermoplastic matrix. This is where fused filament fabrication (FFF), an additive manufacturing (AM) technique capable of processing a variety of thermoplastic‐matrix feedstock materials, can be leveraged to create electrically conductive objects with new functionalities. While there is an increasing number of publications describing the FFF of electrical objects such as sensors and circuits, there is no comprehensive review outlining the functioning mechanisms, drawbacks, and advantages of FFF as applied to conductive materials. The present review fills this lacuna by offering a critical analysis of the specific challenges and solutions to promote FFF of electrically conductive polymers and composites.

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Computed tomography evaluation of the porosity and fiber orientation in a short carbon fiber material extrusion filament and part

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental investigation on the mechanical behavior and damage of 3D printed composites under three-point bending

Experimental investigation on the mechanical behavior and damage of 3D printed composites under three-point bending

Opportunities for the Application of 3D Printing in the Critical Infrastructure System

Emerging Research in Conductive Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication: A Critical Review

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