Computed tomography findings in a cohort of 169 dogs with elbow dysplasia - a retrospective study

Abstract

Background Canine elbow dysplasia (CED) is a complex developmental skeletal disorder associated with a number of pathological conditions within the cubital joint. Because CED is a heritable disease, it is important to identify and remove the affected animals from breeding. The first objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of medial coronoid process disease (MCPD) without (MCD) or with (FMCP) fragmented medial coronoid process, osteochondrosis (OC) and/or osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), ununited anconeal process (UAP), radio-ulnar incongruence (INC R-U) and humero-ulnar incongruence (INC H-U) in dogs with the use of CT imaging. The second aim was to determine the influence of demographics on the prevalence of investigated pathologies in dogs with clinical evidence of elbow dysplasia. Results In this retrospective study, CT data records of 169 dogs of different breeds presented to the small animal veterinary clinic from 2012 to 2018 were included. 69.23% of dogs diagnosed with CED were young (≤ 2 years old). The mean age of dogs presented with INC R-U was 1.68 ± 1.82 years, while in dogs without INC R-U the mean age was 2.64 ± 2.59 years. The mean age of dogs with INC H-U was 1.94 ± 2.06 years, while without INC H-U 3.29 ± 2.09 years. Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherd and Bernese Mountain dogs were most frequently presented with CED-associated lameness. In 122 dogs OA of varying severity was found. Conclusion INC H-U, FMCP and MCD were among the most frequently found components of CED found in the present study. OCD and UAP were the least frequently diagnosed. Dogs presented with INC R-U and INC H-U were significantly younger than dogs without these CED components. Boxers, Dog de Bordeaux, American Staffordshire terriers and mixed-breed dogs were diagnosed later in life than the other breeds. OA of varying severity was found in 72.18% of dogs. Males accounted for more than 75% of the study population.

Lower body weight and increasing age are significant risk factors for complications following bi-oblique proximal ulnar osteotomy in dogs

“…1,2 Medial coronoid process disease and elbow incongruity are 2 of the most frequently diagnosed pathologies involved in this syndrome. 1,3,4 These diseases are most commonly diagnosed in young, large-breed dogs. However, elbow incongruity can also affect small-breed dogs, particularly those that are chondrodystrophic.…”

Two Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem-Cells Injections to Osteoarthritic Elbows in Dogs—Pilot Study

“…Elbow osteoarthritis is a very common source of lameness in dogs and is usually a consequence of elbow dysplasia. In many patients with mild OA secondary to ED are beneficial surgical procedures to improve the clinical status of the patient [ 126 , 127 ]. In some cases, surgical treatment cannot bring the expected benefits because of high-grade OA (severe) or the owner’s rejection to undergo a surgical procedure for their dog.…”

Imaging techniques in veterinary medicine. Part II: Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine

“…This condition is inherited, overrepresented in many large dog breeds and characterized mainly by four diseases: the ulnar medial coronoideal process fragmentation, the ununited anconeal process, the osteochondrosis dissecans of the humeral condyle and the articular incongruence ( Fig. 20 ) [9] , [58] , [59] . When radiography is inconsistent, CT is also indicated for the osteochondrosis of the stifle and tarsus.…”