Computed tomography scanner census and adult head dose in Nigeria

Adejoh, Thomas; Onwujekwe, Emeka Christian; Abba, Mohammed; Ali, Alhaji Modu; Imo, Ama Samuel; Nzotta, Christian Chukwuemeka; Chiegwu, Hyacienth Uche

doi:10.1016/j.ejrnm.2017.09.001

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The evaluation of radiation doses and comparison of local practice with DRLs becomes critical, especially in the light of reported overexposure or higher dose values following comparison of some local (Nigerian) CT practices with international DRLs [14][15][16]. Diagnostic reference levels can assist in reducing patient dose from CT examinations, once scanning protocol change or improved after a review [37].…”

Section: Knowledge and Awareness About Drls As An Optimisation Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are the main factors limiting the setting up of DRLs in low and middle-income countries and the reason why practices in such countries are referenced to other countries' DRLs [8,13]. Consequently, radiological practices in Nigeria are referenced to the United Kingdom (UK) DRLs values since there is no national DRLs at present [14][15][16][17]. These findings are of clinical concern because monitoring patient dose is a crucial prerequisite towards dose optimisation [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of diagnostic reference levels awareness and knowledge amongst CT radiographers

Abdulkadir

Piersson

Musa

et al. 2021

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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Background Reports indicated that numerous factors, including inadequate personnel knowledge, contributes to insufficient patient data for setting up diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in developing countries. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of DRLs as an optimisation tool amongst computed tomography (CT) radiographers in northern Nigeria. This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire was devised and distributed on site to sixty-two CT radiographers in northern Nigeria. A total of fifteen questions were included in the questionnaire focusing on DRLs, dose optimisation and dose descriptors generating quantitative data concerning overall CT radiographers’ perceived knowledge and awareness about DRLs. Results A response rate of 77.4% (48/62) was achieved. About 83.3% of the participants declare DRLs awareness, and 37.5% carried out a local dose survey. The percentage correctly perceived knowledge of concepts; DRLs was 45.8%, dose optimisation (42%) and CT dose descriptor (39%). Radiographers with work experience ranging from 4-10 years had the highest score. Conclusion In this survey, deficiencies were noted in radiographers’ knowledge about DRLs with precise knowledge gap in the implementation of local dose survey for DRLs and optimisation. There is a need for continuous radiographers’ training with greater emphasis on dose optimisation and institutional based dose evaluation.

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Section: Knowledge and Awareness About Drls As An Optimisation Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of diagnostic reference levels awareness and knowledge amongst CT radiographers

Abdulkadir

Piersson

Musa

et al. 2021

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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“…The contribution of Myanmar’s private sector in 2016 was less than that in Southeast Nigeria: Southeast Nigeria’s private hospitals owned 19 (67.1%) of the 28 CT machines in the region [ 20 ]. However, the earliest CT installation in Southeast Nigeria was in 1998, with most current units installed before 2010 [ 20 ]. CT units vary from one-slice to 32-slice types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to official reports of the Private Health Division of the DoMS, the private sector contributed almost half (46.0%) of all CT and MRI units, but private sector installations only covered eight states and regions for CT and only three regions for MRI. The contribution of Myanmar's private sector in 2016 was less than that in Southeast Nigeria: Southeast Nigeria's private hospitals owned 19 (67.1%) of the 28 CT machines in the region [20]. However, the earliest CT installation in Southeast Nigeria was in 1998, with most current units installed before 2010 [20].…”

Section: Installation and Types Of Ct And Mri Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the utilisation of modern imaging technology is increasing, it is difficult to ascertain whether they are being used effectively [2]. Many countries have conducted studies on the utilisation patterns and distribution of imaging equipment to optimise effective allocation and reduce in appropriate usage [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The findings from these studies have been invaluable for controlling budget expenditure, especially in regions where funds are limited, such as in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic distribution and utilisation of CT and MRI services at public hospitals in Myanmar

Khaing

Saw

Than

et al. 2020

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background: Diagnosis by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important for patient care. However, the geographic distribution and utilisation of these machines in countries with limited resources, such as Myanmar, have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, this study aims to identify the geographic distribution and utilisation of CT and MRI services at public hospitals in Myanmar. Methods: This nationwide, cross-sectional study was conducted at 43 public hospitals in Myanmar. Data were collected retrospectively using a prepared form from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2017 at public hospitals in Myanmar. A descriptive analysis was performed to calculate the number of CT and MRI units per million population in each state and region of Myanmar. The distribution of CT and MRI units was assessed using the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient, which are indicators of inequality in distribution. Results: In total, 45 CT and 14 MRI units had been installed in public hospitals in Myanmar by 2017. In total, 205, 570 CT examinations and 18,981 MRI examinations have been performed within the study period. CT units per million population in 2017 varied from 0.30 in Rakhine State to 3.22 in Kayah State. However, MRI units were available only in public hospitals in five states/regions. The Gini coefficient for CT and MRI was 0.35 and 0.69, respectively. An upward trend in the utilisation rate of CT and MRI was also observed during the study period, especially among patients aged between 36 and 65 years. Conclusions: Throughout Myanmar, CT units were more equally distributed than MRI units. CT and MRI units were mostly concentrated in the Yangon and Mandalay Regions, where the population density is higher. The geographic distribution and utilisation rate of CT and MRI units varied among states, regions, and patients' age group. However, the utilisation rates of CT and MRI increased annually in all states and regions during the review period. The Ministry of Health and Sports in Myanmar should consider the utilisation and population coverage of CT and MRI as an important factor when there will be procurement of those medical equipment in the future.

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Low‐Field MRI of Stroke: Challenges and Opportunities

Bhat

Fernandes

Poojar

et al. 2020

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The reasons for increased stroke burden in developing countries are inadequately controlled risk factors resulting from poor public awareness and inadequate infrastructure. Computed tomography and MRI are common neuroimaging modalities used to assess stroke with diffusion-weighted MRI, in particular, being the recommended choice for acute stroke imaging. However, access to these imaging modalities is primarily restricted to major cities and high-income groups. In the case of stroke, the time-window of treatment to limit the damage is of a few hours and needs a point-of-care diagnosis. A low-cost MR system typically achieved at the ultra-lowand very-low-field would meet the need for a geographically accessible and portable solution. We review studies focused on accessible stroke imaging and recent developments in MR methodologies, including hardware, to image at low fields. We hypothesize that in the absence of a formal, rapid stroke triaging system, the value of timely on-site delivery of the scanner to the stroke patient can be significant. To this end, we discuss multiple recent hardware and methods developments in the low-field regime. Our review suggests a compelling need to explore further the trade-offs between high signal, contrast, and accessibility at low fields in low-income communities.

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Computed tomography scanner census and adult head dose in Nigeria

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of diagnostic reference levels awareness and knowledge amongst CT radiographers

Assessment of diagnostic reference levels awareness and knowledge amongst CT radiographers

Geographic distribution and utilisation of CT and MRI services at public hospitals in Myanmar

Low‐Field MRI of Stroke: Challenges and Opportunities

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