“…The feature extraction approaches [12, [138][139][140] including GLCM [15,141,142], geometrical features (area, perimeter, and circularity) [15], first-order statistical (FOS), GWT [143,144], Hu moment invariants (HMI) [145], multifractal features [146], 3D Haralick features [147], LBP [148], GWT [11], HOG [14, 137], texture and shape [82, 143,149,150], co-occurrence matrix, gradient, run-length matrix [151], SFTA, curvature features [152,153], Gabor like multiscale texton features [154], Gabor wavelet and statistical features [142,143] are utilized for classification. Table 3 lists the summary of feature extraction methods.…”