Computer-Assisted Nuclear Morphometry in the Cytological Evaluation of Canine Perianal Adenocarcinomas

Evaluation of an anal sac adenocarcinoma tumor in a Spitz dog

“…Ogawa et al reported the fourth types as a papillary [18] . ASAC was reported to demonstrate 2% of all skin tumors and 17% of anal sac neoplasm's in dogs, despite it is an unusual neoplasm, it is locally invasive and has a high acceleration of metastasis to the draining iliac lymph nodes [19][20][21][22] . Anal sac adenocarcinomas can cause serious problems, because they have a tendency to metastasize to nearby tissues and organs, usually metastasize to sacral, iliac and lumbar lymph nodes by lymphatic drainage, and metastasize less to liver, lungs and spleen [8,10,21,23] .…”

“…After atropine was injected (0.02-0.04 mg/kg i.v.) as premedication, thiopental (10)(11)(12) mg/kg i.v.) as induction and isoflurane as maintenance.…”

“…The tumor is seen between [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] years old in different breeds of dogs. It is more frequently seen on neutered female and castrated male [4][5][6] .…”

“…The anal sacs are paired glands found on either side of the anus, which are similar to the scent glands found in skunks [9][10][11] . Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sacs occurs at relatively low frequency in the dog, representing 17% of all perianal tumors and 2% of all skin tumors [11][12][13] . Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy in this area in older female dog [4,5,14] .…”

Utility of nuclear morphometry in the cytologic evaluation of canine cutaneous soft tissue sarcomas

“…However, with the advent and widespread use of computer-based methods of quantitative cytological analysis, such as nuclear morphometry, it is now possible to more objectively investigate the differences between selected populations of cells. 4,[11][12][13][16][17][18][19][20] The objective of the current study was to determine, on cytologic preparations, whether neoplastic and reactive spindle cell populations can be distinguished using nuclear morphometry and whether cells from soft tissue sarcomas of different histologic grades have different nuclear morphometric patterns. Reproducibility of nuclear morphometry was also investigated by determining the sources of variation, including intraobserver, interobserver, and field selection.…”