This paper aims to delve into the construction of second language learner identity in the context of international Chinese education. It analyzes the influence of both individual and societal factors on identity formation, including cultural differences, social identity, language environment, self-concept, self-efficacy, motivation, and emotions. By synthesizing existing research and theories, this paper explores how these factors interrelate to shape how learners perceive themselves, interact with others, and integrate into the target language culture during cross-cultural Chinese language learning. Finally, this paper suggests directions for future research to further enhance our understanding of second language learner identity construction.