Computer-based approaches for maxillofacial interventions

Abstract

Computers used as supporting tools for diagnostics, operation planning and therapy are of increasing relevance in surgery. Rapid progress in imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRT) and ultrasound already allows to represent anatomical and physiological conditions with maximal authenticity. In order to simulate complex surgeries we must develop ergonomic and intuitively useable software tools, thus enabling a precise and fast virtual execution of the planned surgical intervention preoperatively. Intraoperative support will consist of passive navigation tools, available already today, supporting the intraoperative orientation and, in the future, robots performing specific steps autonomously. Methods of augmented reality for the interaction of virtual objects and the real surgical scene are also suitable for the visualization of planning data and other medically relevant information in the operation <I>situs</I>. In maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery the techniques mentioned have been applied in all fields from dental implantology up to the correction of craniofacial malformations and the resection of skull base tumors. Many applications are still being developed or are still in the form of a prototype. However, it is already clear that developments in this area will have a considerable effect on a surgeon's routine work.

Accuracy of a novel prototype dynamic computer‐assisted surgery system

“…Dynamic CAS systems exhibit acceptable in vitro accuracy, but the intraoperative precision can be less predictable. Furthermore, the time-consuming setup procedures, the complicated user interface, and problems with placement of the external monitors and clear line of sight have not led to wide acceptance of this modality in the field of craniofacial surgery (Hassfeld et al 2003). Relatively high purchase and maintenance costs of current dynamic CAS systems for dental implant applications may also be an important factor.…”

Novel electrical conductivity device for osteotomy preparation for dental implants placement: A cadaver study

“…Dynamic CAS systems exhibit acceptable in‐vitro accuracy, but the intra‐operative precision can be less predictable. Furthermore, the time consuming set‐up procedures, the complicated user interface, the issues with placement of the external monitors and clear line of sight have not led to wide acceptance of this modality in the field of craniofacial surgery . The relatively high purchase price and maintenance costs of current dynamic CAS systems for dental implant applications may also be important factors .…”