Computer-Based Form Generation in Architectural Design — A Critical Review

Abstract

The idea of using computers for form generation and evaluation in the architectural design process has been put forward already in the early days of computers. However, as opposed to computer aided drafting, the generation of form, its optimization and manufacturing has not been widely accepted and implemented by practitioners.The paper critically reviews the research and state of the practice experiments that has been done in this field and develops an argument regarding the possibilities and limitations of computer-based form generation in the architectural design process.

Singapore National Stadium Roof

“…Parametric modelling was the means of representing problem description as it developed.The design phases could not be strictly categorised. It offers an alternative to geometric constraints-based form generation [1] which is known for example from several projects of the UK office of Foster + Partners [9]. However the dome design features also performance-driven form generation especially from structural and environmental point of view.The combination of both approaches where the first is predominant led to elegant large scale structure.…”

“…Computer design has been established in many architectural practices that react on this phenomenon differently and build their own workflow and guide lines.This paper focuses on techniques of parametric design and its immediate assessment during the design phase. While form generation depends on synthesis of initial information form evaluation depends on criteria known before or discovered during the process of design [1]. Increasing use of advanced associative software packages in architectural practices helps quick evaluation of the design but also enables links with other design disciplines.The design process could involve complex procedures that help to generate and also evaluate the design in real time.…”

“…structural, dynamics of rain falls), program fulfilment and aesthetics.The whole process was driven by consequent sequences of balanced decisions based on values and design experience.The roof as discrete building component gave opportunity to test and explore possible techniques of architectural design discussed in theoretical examples.The designers were engaged with design environment of the design and build type of contract which was constrained by time and available material and human resources. Although the computer played significant role in this design task an idea from beginning of the computer design age of fully optimised structure [1] was not achieved.The NST roof serves as a showcase of form driven by multiple criteria and decision taking.…”

A novel user-based gesture vocabulary for conceptual design

“…Architects may consider both form and function. However when they focus on form, particularly since computer generated forms have become a standard in the architectural design, form takes precedence over its optimization or manufacturing (Grobman et al, 2009). However, depending on the approach taken function can be linked to form, or form can be a separate entity superimposed on the function (Reveron, 2009).…”

Digitally Designed Airport Terminal Using Wind Performance Analysis

“…This type of method might lead to an improved design and a way to entirely avoid subjective design decisions [13,14]. However, in most cases the planner can reasonably determine which of the various parametrically-generated design options (form generation based on geometric constraints) [15] suits the design situation the best and can then choose it for further work.…”